https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=108.162.219.5&feedformat=atomexplain xkcd - User contributions [en]2024-03-19T13:04:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=673:_The_Sun&diff=126802673: The Sun2016-09-12T21:29:28Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
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<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 673<br />
| date = December 9, 2009<br />
| title = The Sun<br />
| image = the_sun.png<br />
| titletext = Obligatory bad guy: This operation is sheer foolishness, and it's not happening on my watch! Mainly because I can't figure out how to adjust the time.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
This comic makes fun of {{w|science fiction}} {{w|disaster movies}}, especially the 2003 film "{{w|The Core}}", where a group of scientists travel through the Earth's mantle to place a series of nuclear devices in order to speed up the slowing rotation of the Earth's core and prevent a complete collapse of Earth's magnetic field.<br />
<br />
This comic presents the next film from the makers of The Core. In this case an astronomer [[Ponytail]] discovers the Sun's fusion is failing. The two [[Cueball]]-like guys behind her is not impressed, one is disbelieving and the other is not interested (''Whatever''). But then Ponytail rally them by threatening them with impeding doom for Earth, and they call {{w|NASA}}. A group of astronauts has taken the call at NASA and the leader a(another Cueball-like guy) describes what could happen in trailer like fashion:<br />
*The earth bathed in eternal darkness? <br />
*A night without a dawn? Not on my watch! <br />
And then he tells his team of astronauts, a fourth Cueball-like guy, [[Megan]] and another Ponytail to ''Saddle up'', and the comic finished with showing the poster (a copy of the one for The Core with the Sun in place of the Earth mantle) of this new movie called '''The Sun''' (hence the title of the comic) with two taglines:<br />
*It's Daylight saving time. <br />
*Never fall back. <br />
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The movie described by this comic shows a scenario where the "sun's fusion is failing". This is in fact the exact plot of the British science fiction film "{{w|Sunshine (2007 film)|Sunshine}}" from 2007, released two years before this comic, which was about a group of astronauts sent on a mission to the reignite a dying {{w|Sun}} with a battery of nuclear bombs. <br />
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The {{w|sun}}'s energy comes from {{w|nuclear fusion}} reactions among the extremely hot dense hydrogen plasma in its core. The idea of the sun's fusion failing is rather ridiculous from a scientific perspective, because the fusion reactions are well understood and the sun has enough hydrogen to fuel it for about 5 billion more years. Even if the sun's hydrogen was getting low it would {{w|Star#Post–main sequence|start fusing helium}} and begin expanding into a {{w|red giant}}. This will in make the Earth uninhabitable. Even in the nearly impossible event of the sun's fusion is {{w|Supernova#Core collapse|failing in the traditional sense}}, the sun would {{w|Star#Collapse|collapse}} causing a {{w|supernova}}. In other words, if the sun stopped fusing we wouldn't have to worry about less sunlight, we would have to worry about more. <br />
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In any case, it appears to be failing and the solution is to send a team of astronauts to the sun to restart the fusion (which is analogous to sending an ant to the US Senate to break a budget deadlock). The team leader is motivated by concern that if the sun's fusion stops, there will be no more light, and so the earth will be in perpetual darkness.<br />
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The poster in the final panel gives the movies two taglines. {{w|Daylight saving time}} (DTS) refers both to the policy of changing clocks, which is intended to "save" daylight for a more useful part of the day; and the scenario in this movie in which it is time for the team to literally save the sun's daylight from being extinguished. "Never fall back" is an additional word play on the {{w|mnemonic}} used (in the States at least) to remember the direction to change clocks. The mnemonic goes, {{w|Spring forward, fall back#Terminology|"spring forward, fall back"}} to indicate that in the spring season, clocks get set ahead by an hour, while in the fall the clocks are set backwards an hour. The phrase "fall back", however, can also mean to retreat from a battle.<br />
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[[Randall]] seems to believe that DST makes little sense today and he has made it clear in [[:Category:Daylight saving time|several comics]] that he is not a fan. As DST is the main joke of the comic (and the title of the next movie), it seems obvious that the comment from the astronaut about this not happening on "my watch" may be a pun relating to his wristwatch. He would not wish to have DTS on his watch! This meaning is the made clear in the title text see below. Also this indicates that Randall never wish to apply DTS as he never falls back, the last tagline.<br />
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The comic makes fun of these disaster movies in a couple of ways. The characters in the first panel acknowledge that the scenario doesn't make sense scientifically, but are prepared to sacrifice scientific value for the plot. Also, in the second panel the team is to be composed of {{w|NASA}}'s "hottest astronauts", which makes fun of the fact that the characters in movies are much more attractive than average, and the fact that they will be much hotter when they reach the sun. The team leader expresses his concern with a few buzz phrases often used in such films.<br />
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The title text continues the lunacy (solacy?) of the situation with the cliche of the "obligatory bad guy" — a person in the plot who acts antagonistic, often for the flimsiest of reasons. There is also the common complaint, especially among the technologically inept, that he can't figure out how to change the time, punning again on DTS.<br />
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Note that while four different Cueballs in a comic is [[:Category:Multiple Cueballs|not uncommon]] it is rare that two different Ponytails are shown in one comic.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Caption above the first panel, which is lower than the rest:]<br />
:Coming this March from the makers of ''The Core''...<br />
:[Ponytail is standing on a raised platform looking through a huge telescope (exiting the panel to the left) in an observatory. To her right is a large station with three screens and two Cueball-like guys are standing on the floor to the of that right. Behind them is another station with a large panel showing two circles with an arrow pointing from the top left to the bottom right.]<br />
:Ponytail: The sun's fusion is failing!<br />
:Man 1: Does that make sense?<br />
:Man 2: Whatever.<br />
<br />
:[Zoom in on the scene where Ponytail throws up her arms as she turns towards the two Cueball, still standing on the platform, but the rest of the background is white. The first Cueball turns around and points to the other Cueball who has also turned around and has taken a phone of the hook, the curled cord disappearing at the panels right edge.]<br />
:Ponytail: If we don't send a ship to restart it, it could go out completely! <br />
:Man 1: Call NASA!<br />
:Man 2 (into the phone): <small>Assemble our hottest astronauts.</small><br />
<br />
:[Another Cueball-like guy has taken the call, and still stands with the phone in hand, the cord attached to the phone hook on the panels left edge. He stands with the helmet of a space suit under his other arm, obviously being an astronaut. Behind him is a fourth Cueball-like guy, Megan and another Ponytail.]<br />
:Astronaut: The earth bathed in eternal darkness? A night without a dawn? Not on my watch!<br />
:Astronaut: Saddle up.<br />
<br />
:[The same four characters are shown in silhouette on gray background (still only one with helmet under arm), casting huge shadows towards the bottom of the panel from the dim sun in the top center of the panel. Above the sun is written a tagline (for the movie) and at the bottom of the panels with shadows falling over it is a second smaller tagline:]<br />
:It's <br />
:<big>'''''Daylight saving time.'''''</big><br />
:<small>Never fall back.</small><br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
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[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]<br />
[[Category:Multiple Cueballs]]<br />
[[Category:Physics]]<br />
[[Category:Daylight saving time]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1651:_Robotic_Garage&diff=1263961651: Robotic Garage2016-09-08T17:36:40Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
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<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1651<br />
| date = March 4, 2016<br />
| title = Robotic Garage<br />
| image = robotic_garage.png<br />
| titletext = But listen, if getting your car out from under the pile is REALLY important to you, we do have an axe you can borrow.<br />
}}<br />
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==Explanation==<br />
In some cities, {{w|automated parking system}}s (aka robotic garages) are used to reduce the amount of space needed to store cars, as opposed to traditional parking buildings. The robotic system eliminates the needs for ramps and circulation/reversing areas. Normally, they work by having the user drive their car onto an elevator and get out, after which the elevator lifts or lowers the car into a compact storage space. Here [[Cueball]] drives up to what he believes to be a garage of this type operated by [[Black Hat]]. However, instead of an elevator carefully moving it into a storage space, a robotic claw simply picks up the car and dumps it in a bin of cars.<br />
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This type of parking option will not only break the car, but also make it impossible to take out if the car is at the bottom, hence the cars are ''{{w|Stack_(abstract_data_type)|stacked}}''.<br />
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Cueball reacts quite well to this treatment of his car when Black Hat tells him that later they just dump out the bin (full of cars) and he can then pick his own out from the pile. (Maybe he knows Black Hat well enough not to try to argue with him?) This is of course not possible with such heavy objects. Cueball continues to be benign about this absurd situation, which becomes even more absurd when he asks if Black Hat could at least make sure his car is not at the bottom (when it is dumped out with all the other cars). But Black Hat falls back on his excuse "Robots aren't magic," implying that such a feat is beyond the realm of possibility. It would, of course, be quite possible to prevent the damage that Cueball fears if they were using a normal automated parking system.<br />
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In the title text he at least gives Cueball an option: he can borrow an axe, if it is really important for him to get the car out from the pile. Although in this situation, an axe would be a nearly useless tool (which, knowing him, is most likely Black Hat's intent), only allowing Cueball to laboriously hack through any other car that lies in the way on top of his own; and still it would not help much, because if his car is at the bottom, it will be even more destroyed than from just being dumped into the bin to begin with.<br />
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This is just one of many situations where Black Hat has an evil or just mean/crazy plan in progress. It's for instance not the first time that Black Hat has treated other people's car with great disrespect, although in [[562: Parking]], the guy with the car had it coming!<br />
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==Transcript==<br />
:[Black Hat points left while talking to Cueball inside his small car.]<br />
:Black Hat: Just pull onto the receiving platform.<br />
:Cueball: Cool-I've always wanted to try one of these futuristic robotic garages.<br />
<br />
:[Cueball has driven the car onto a platform in front of a stop to the left. He is just walking of the platform towards Black Hat.]<br />
<br />
:[Zoom out reveals a robotic crane arm, that sits on top of the stop from the previous panel, which turns out to be a huge platform for this robot arm. The robotic arm picks up the car with its two fingers and lifts it into the air with a finger on the hood and the other below the car. Black Hat and Cueball look on.]<br />
:Cueball: Um.<br />
<br />
:[This panel pans over to the center of the robotic arm, to reveal a large bin with a label to the robots left. The robot arm holds the car almost straight up in the air, but over the bin.]<br />
:Label: Cars<br />
<br />
:[The robotic arm open up to release the car which crashes down into the bin, a sound already emanating from it when the rear end of the car (with one wheel still showing) is still visible.]<br />
:Car: ''Crunch''<br />
:Label: Cars<br />
<br />
:[Zoom back to Black Hat and Cueball standing at the end of the empty platform.]<br />
:Black Hat: We'll dump out the bin when you get back and you can pick out your car from the pile.<br />
:Cueball: Can you at least make sure it's not on the bottom<br />
:Black Hat: Look, robots aren't magic.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Black Hat]]<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]<br />
[[Category:Robots]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1704:_Gnome_Ann&diff=123031Talk:1704: Gnome Ann2016-07-08T10:01:13Z<p>108.162.219.5: </p>
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The lotr reference is about the Witch King of Angmar instead of Sauron<br />
Source:<br />
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar<br />
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[[Special:Contributions/162.158.196.143|162.158.196.143]] 05:05, 8 July 2016 (UTC)Dege<br />
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I'm surprised there's no reference to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphemus Polyphemus] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer Homer's] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey Odyssey]. Or is there one that I haven't seen?<br />
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[[Special:Contributions/162.158.85.165|162.158.85.165]] 08:00, 8 July 2016 (UTC)<br />
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I saw the first panel, and honestly thought the pun was between Gnome Ann and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomon gnomon] of a sundial. The rest made pretty clear of what's up, though.<br />
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[[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 10:01, 8 July 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:505:_A_Bunch_of_Rocks&diff=121432Talk:505: A Bunch of Rocks2016-06-05T14:32:05Z<p>108.162.219.5: </p>
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<div>This is definitely my favorite comic. I just really love it - I wish there was a book or something about it that was more in depth. --[[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 14:32, 5 June 2016 (UTC)<br />
;Weird thing with lines in it<br />
probably has something to do with relativity -- two objects moving, arriving at different points at the same time, or maybe a diagram of spacetime. [[Special:Contributions/66.202.132.250|66.202.132.250]] 16:44, 10 June 2013 (UTC)<br />
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It's a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagram Feynman Diagram] [[Special:Contributions/206.174.12.203|206.174.12.203]] 19:24, 10 June 2013 (UTC) Toby Ovod-Everett<br />
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:I did add the incomplete tag because this comic and also the explain is still really complex. More important: People without a proper physics background never will understand. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:01, 10 June 2013 (UTC)<br />
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There is a short story called "SOLE SOLUTION" by Eric Frank Russell which is quite similar to the one in the story. Just in case that matters.{{unsigned|Maob}}<br />
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Re Rule 34 - the point is that this comic _is_ cellular automaton porn (as are the YouTube videos of Minecraft calculators and the like). Rule 34 works, bitches! {{unsigned ip|141.101.98.241}}<br />
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Not sure what's incomplete about the explain. <small>[[User:MrGameZone|0100011101100001011011010110010101011010011011110110111001100101]] ([[User talk:MrGameZone|talk page]])</small> 22:56, 11 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
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Yo ''calculus'' is the latin word for pebble! I learned this and had to come straight to this page! ahhh connections! [[Special:Contributions/173.245.50.88|173.245.50.88]] Sawyer Biddle<br />
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As it turns out, Rule 110 seems to be a ''really bad'' way to simulate a universe- you would be much better off using a {{w|Tag_system|Cyclic tag system}}, since Rule 110 takes dozens of generations and potentially hundreds of cells to simulate one step in such a system, or a more sophisticated cellular automaton, such as {{w|Wireworld.}} --[[User:Someone Else 37|Someone Else 37]] ([[User talk:Someone Else 37|talk]]) 05:12, 9 March 2014 (UTC)<br />
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To whoever objected to panel number references, does what I did with first words fix that? {{unsigned ip|199.27.128.99}}<br />
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Well, that's a pretty unfair comparison in the last panel, the protag is immortal after all, if I'm immortal I might do the same thing, but hey we got a much shorter life to live {{unsigned ip|103.22.201.168}}<br />
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The diagram to the right of the Epitaph of Stevinus looks like a system of coupled pendula, often used in math physics courses to illustrate Lagrangian mechanics. Also may relate to elasticity theory. See for example here: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ThreePendulumsConnectedByTwoSprings. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.221.96|108.162.221.96]] 03:23, 12 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:If this is true (which seems like the most probable solution so far) then what do the symbols inside the boxes represent?{{unsigned ip|108.162.216.209}}<br />
:: Spring constants, masses, lengths, etc [[Special:Contributions/108.162.221.220|108.162.221.220]] 18:11, 12 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
::: The symbols on the top seem to be K and the bottom W. W is often used for angular momentum and K for potential energy. If you are not exactly right you are very close to being so.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 13:45, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:The "diagram to the right of the Epitaph of Stevinus", also described as "A weird diagram with lines in it", or "partitioning of phase space into fundamental cells", or " system of coupled pendula, often used in math physics courses to illustrate Lagrangian mechanics", can be described more literally: ''There is are two horizontal rulers with divisions 13 pixels apart and 17 pixels apart, respectively; and diagonal lines showing the correspondence between the first four markings of the upper ruler with those on the lower. The intervals seem to be labeled.'' Returning to speculation, I think this suggests an illustration of '''Length contraction (Lorentz coordinate transformation) in Special Relativity'''. [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 20:22, 28 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:: That seems highly unlikely due to the top labels on this graph. In your explanation they can’t represent anything relevant. Also if this diagram is used to represent spatial contraction, it does not do a good job of it. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 13:45, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
::: I imagined the labels were, top row: O', x', (2x)'; bottom row: O, x, 2x, Δv; or perhaps top row: Δx₁', Δx₂', Δx₃'; bottom row Δx₁, Δx₂, Δx₃, 0.7c. I don't think Randall put enough thought into those tiny squiggles for us to be able to use pixel-counting as a hint to which labels interpretation is more likely… but what of it? We can make up labels that fit any interpretation. I did say "Length contraction (Lorentz...)" was just ''speculation''. I do like the "four pendulums coupled by springs" idea, though the horizontals look too ruler-like to me. It might be better just to say "two horizontal ruled lines linked by some diagonals" ! [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 17:00, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:::: You are totally right, this one may always be pure speculation. Though I am pretty sure the bottom points are labeled w, the top is by no means clear. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 20:46, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
::::: I propose that we change it again, from (current text: "A depiction of length contraction, with two lines of the same length locally but different lengths as one is viewed in motion") to something like ''"A depiction of length contraction with two rulers in relative motion, or of several pendulums coupled by springs"''. Or mention the pendula idea first, I don't want to decide. [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 02:20, 2 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:::::: Though it's in panel before that one, there's the text "and then some" referencing going beyond what we currently know in a field - could it ''possibly'' be that this is supposed to represent something we haven't derived yet? -- [[User:Brettpeirce|Brettpeirce]] ([[User talk:Brettpeirce|talk]]) 10:44, 2 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:Also, I'd like to point out that all three diagrams unify the theme of "working out the kinks in quantum mechanics and relativity": The first illustrates a region of the bell curve where a particle might occasionally fall if it is about to exhibit quantum tunneling; the second relates to perpetual motion, thus hinting at general questions like "does quantum mechanics or relativity allow us to violate the laws of thermodynamics in any way?", and the third is from special relativity. [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 20:22, 28 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:: Having studied (and knowing the fundamentals about what profile is needed to create a device that performs quantum tunneling) I have never seen this graph as a representation of this, and frankly it makes no sense. If this diagram was an energy band the hole or electron would have no need to tunnel to go up or down the energy band as it is a gradual slope. If a device had a profile like this, it would not result in a significant number of tunneling events, especially at the positions that are marked on the diagram. For this to occur there would need to be a peak between the two points, and the points would need to be at similar heights (energy levels). [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 13:06, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
::: Yes, you're right: all we know is that it's a bell curve (normal distribution), and mentioning "tunneling" might make the reader think we were saying it is a potential function. I was reading a bit much into it. Why are there two vertical dotted lines at roughly +σ and +2σ? I thought they indicated a "range" as if the graph were illustrating some discussion of things that fall within that range. I also incorrectly remembered what the Epitaph of Stevinus was about, so thanks for the corrections :-) [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 16:57, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:::: I think we could reasonably add that the function represents a probability distribution of a partial, therefore tying in the quantum aspects. with a minor explanation of the probibility of 1 and 2 sigma. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 20:46, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
::::: I do think it was okay without the extra text referencing quantum mechanics. I was just trying to find a way to relate the image to the words… but there are so many ways to relate the normal distribution to anything in science :-) [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 02:20, 2 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
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The bigger picture that's missing on this explains it that this comic seems to suggest that Cueball is God, as in being stuck in Eternity who happened to build a simulated universe, which we all live in. Seeing how he addresses the reader "So if you see a mote of dust vanish from your vision in a little flash or something I'm sorry. I must have misplaced a rock sometime in the last few billions and billions of millennia." {{[[Special:Contributions/141.101.105.238|141.101.105.238]] 10:25, 12 November 2014 (UTC)}}<br />
: I understand that English might not be your first language, but please clarify. The explanation covers Cueball being godlike. How can we add something that is already covered? Do you require further detail? Are you disagreeing with this assessment? Are you considering this observation irrelevant as your summary for your first comment "added not about Cueball being God" seems to imply? If so why?[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 17:57, 12 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:: nm. I blatantly overlooked the exisiting sentence in the explanation. i blame the layout of this page. inline text that spans the whole available screen width is not pleasant to read on large displays ;) ...as for my English... the confusion stems from my bad keyboard/typing. it was meant to read "added notE about Cueball" for instance, or "as in A being stuck". [[Special:Contributions/141.101.105.233|141.101.105.233]] 08:15, 13 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:::you could shrink your window and display narrower lines of text(?) -- I guess it comes down to preference for masochism(?)... idunno. I think one of the most confusing parts of your question (and which may have contributed most to the ESL idea) is "missing on this explains it that...". Also, "as in being stuck" makes more sense than "as in a being stuck", though it seems you're suggesting otherwise (?) and I don't see any text mentioning added not(E) about Cueball) -- oh wait; is this a troll? -- [[User:Brettpeirce|Brettpeirce]] ([[User talk:Brettpeirce|talk]]) 15:14, 14 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
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Who or what is Nugui and why is it relivent.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.209|108.162.216.209]] 17:57, 12 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
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is randall not assuming that his universe (and by implication ours) is finite? if not, one iteration of the machine would still take infinite time. --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.201|141.101.98.201]] 12:42, 26 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
: I think it's good enough to assume that the universe is finite, but really really huge. Hypothesizing that adding one particle to the model requires twice as many cells in the cellular automaton, that means that Cueball's cellular automata rows could be about 2^(10^80) cells long, allowing simulation of a physics system containing 10^80 particles. Of course, each planck-time would require 2^(10^80) steps of simulation in the CA. If 10^80 isn't big enough for you, then just make it 10^1000 or Graham's number, or anything finite. [[User:Mrob27|Mrob27]] ([[User talk:Mrob27|talk]]) 16:57, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
:: Don't forget that Rule 110 has 000 -> 0. Cueball can just add columns on either side as his universe expands, consequently taking more and more time to compute steps as the number of columns increases. {{unsigned ip|108.162.216.42}}<br />
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Did anyone notice that the binary numbers pointing to the particle are both 42? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.241.16|108.162.241.16]] 19:26, 27 November 2014 (UTC)<br />
:I did now. :) But, somewhere, he left out the towel. [[User:Jarod997|Jarod997]] ([[User talk:Jarod997|talk]]) 14:33, 1 December 2014 (UTC)<br />
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Just as a curiosity -- there is a somewhat similar concept in "Permutation City", a book by Greg Egan. {{unsigned ip|141.101.88.211}}<br />
:And dust is probably a reference to Dust Theory: http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/PERMUTATION/FAQ/FAQ.html {{unsigned ip|141.101.98.187}}<br />
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I don't understand how it's possible to simulate a universe this way. Assuming that quantum mechanics is correct, and some forms of particle decay are truly random, wouldn't it be impossible to simulate this with a purely deterministic system? [[User:KingSupernova|KingSupernova]] ([[User talk:KingSupernova|talk]]) 15:30, 1 December 2015 (UTC)<br />
: The universe Cueball is simulating would have to conform to [[wikipedia:Digital physics|digital physics]]. I can't speak about the fine points of quantum mechanics, but observably random events in a simulated universe could be the result of a pseudorandom number generator with a very large state. [[User:Srimech|Srimech]] ([[User talk:Srimech|talk]]) 23:37, 16 February 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1687:_World_War_III%2B&diff=121016Talk:1687: World War III+2016-05-30T19:42:51Z<p>108.162.219.5: </p>
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The mouseover text mentions stripping a quote of its context... although this kind of makes the point of the context can often dilute the meaning, it seems that a counter point could be made by pointing out an example where the context is the source at least two major quotes (such as "No man is an island" and "Ask not for whom the bell tolls" both coming from John Donne). <br />
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Or I could just be being frivolous here?<br />
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[[User:Joshupetersen|Joshupetersen]] ([[User talk:Joshupetersen|talk]]) 04:15, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
:or maybe a good example could be Darwin's qoute on the eye, which many creationist nutjobs take out of context and annoy everyone else in the same way Randall shows annoyance in the rollover text<br />
[[User:JMR|JMR]] ([[User talk:JMR|talk]]) 02:03, 30 May 2016 (BST)<br />
<br />
Hey, Randall skipped World War XIII. --[[User:XndrK|XndrK]] ([[User talk:XndrK|talk]]) 04:20, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Maybe World War XIII is just sticks and stones again, considering XII? [[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.71|173.245.56.71]] 05:14, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
:Sticks and stones ''underground!!'' [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.43|141.101.98.43]] 10:23, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
I swear that I've seen this exact joke somewhere before. Not just the general idea, but I mean down to the text. Can't find anything in searches though -- does anyone else remember seeing this before?--[[Special:Contributions/108.162.220.221|108.162.220.221]] 05:22, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
:It may be a memory of the black Cards Against Humanity 'question' card, that leaves a blank regarding ''what'' WW4 will be fought with so as to be answered with a non-sequiter white card? [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.43|141.101.98.43]] 10:23, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
:There's a practically identical joke in The Onion's ''Book of Known Knowledge''. [[https://books.google.com/books?id=lCpzgOD0A6oC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=onion+einstein+world+war&source=bl&ots=tt8vC86X3m&sig=gtvhl1l2F9pdcuWv7n-_c_sRofQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwil5Iedk4LNAhXNCD4KHWluBhQQ6AEINDAD#v=onepage&q=onion%20einstein%20world%20war&f=false]]<br />
<br />
Comics released within the United State Memorial Day weekend. The unknown VIII-IX could reference Star Wars movies with their unknown scripts. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.15|141.101.98.15]]<br />
:I made this misreading too, but it's VIII-XI, and I do not know of that many star wars movies planned. Could it be a final fantasy reference? --[[User:PsyMar|PsyMar]] ([[User talk:PsyMar|talk]]) 09:17, 30 May 2016 (UTC)<br />
That's how I took it (as Final Fantasy). I think this would be unprecedented for Randall, but hilarious if so - it certainly reads like a riff on the FF series wildly varying levels of technology and war. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 19:42, 30 May 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1123:_The_Universal_Label&diff=1136101123: The Universal Label2016-03-01T01:33:29Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1123<br />
| date = October 19, 2012<br />
| title = The Universal Label<br />
| image = the universal label.png<br />
| titletext = Works for any grocery or non-grocery. Even thyme is just H and time.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
All matter in the universe (heavier than {{w|Isotopes_of_lithium#Lithium-7|lithium-7}}) was created through {{w|nuclear fusion}} of {{w|hydrogen}} atoms inside {{w|stars}} over the 13.8 billion years that have gone by since the {{w|Big Bang}}. A detailed explanation (for the lay man) of this process is available in this article about [http://www.irregularwebcomic.net/3280.html Making Atoms]. <br />
<br />
From this article (and from the wiki article on Big Bang) it is clear that our universe began not only with hydrogen. Although the majority of atoms produced by the Big Bang were hydrogen, lots of {{w|helium}} and traces of {{w|lithium}} were also produced. Actually {{w|Big_Bang#Abundance_of_primordial_elements|about 25% of the mass}} in the universe comes from helium created shortly after the Big Bang. In stars, however, helium is also created directly from hydrogen atoms. So it would have been enough to just start out with hydrogen in the early universe. Given enough time, all the other elements would have been created inside these originally hydrogen-only stars. To make elements heavier than helium some of the elements created by hydrogen, will have to fuse subsequentially. And in order to make elements heavier than iron, a {{w|supernova}} explosion is needed. But in either case it is still products of hydrogen that fuse together.<br />
<br />
In many countries, food products must have their ingredients displayed somewhere on their packaging. Because all the ingredients in any food are either hydrogen or heavier atoms created through stellar nuclear fusion from hydrogen over time, the ingredients of any items can technically be described fully as only being made from hydrogen and time. Thus this label would be the universal label. A pun on two of the meanings of the word [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/universal universal]. Any food is of course ''universal'' as in a part of the universe. But the label can also be a ''universal'' label as in a common label for all food or any other product in the universe, as well as the universe itself for that {{w|matter}}.<br />
<br />
The title text first makes it clear that this works both for any {{w|grocery}} as well as any non-grocery, which as described above simply means anything else. It then goes on to making a pun on the words {{w|thyme}} (a herb) and {{w|time}}, as the two words are {{w|homophones}}. "H" is the chemical symbol for hydrogen thus completing the pun by noticing that the word "thyme" can be made by adding the letter "h" to "tyme" which would be a homophone even closer to the word time.<br />
<br />
[[Randall]] previously made a joke on the fact that thyme and time are homophones in [[282: Organic Fuel]].<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:'''Ingredients:'''<br />
:Hydrogen, Time<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Physics]]<br />
[[Category:Language]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=282:_Organic_Fuel&diff=113609282: Organic Fuel2016-03-01T01:31:13Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 282<br />
| date = June 27, 2007<br />
| title = Organic Fuel<br />
| image = organic_fuel.png<br />
| titletext = I have nothing to apologize for.<br />
}}<br />
==Explanation==<br />
[[Cueball]] is fascinated about that engines can burn organic matter. But in fact {{w|biofuel}} is a big industry today. It is criticized now and then because it can affect food prices and is believed to exacerbate world hunger.<br />
<br />
Next comes a reference to the famous quote, "Mussolini made the trains run on time", an oft-quoted piece of [http://www.snopes.com/history/govern/trains.asp propaganda] from Italy under Fascist dictator {{w|Benito Mussolini}}. The pun is made on the fact that {{w|Thyme|thyme}} (an herb, or as in this comic, a spice) and {{w|time}} (the universal phenomenon, as in the original quote) are {{w|homophones}}. But the organic matter thyme could technically be used as fuel.<br />
<br />
The title text may be interpreted in one of two ways. It may be attributed to the pun-maker, in which case he makes no apology for his corny joke, or it may be attributed to Cueball, in which case he makes no apology for the termination of friendship, since the pun was too terrible.<br />
<br />
[[Randall]] later made another joke on the fact that thyme and time are homophones: [[1123: The Universal Label]].<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Cueball at computer and a friend standing nearby.]<br />
:Cueball: Wow – Engines can burn vegetable oil.<br />
:Friend: Well, sure. You can burn most any organic matter. Corns, leaves, spices...<br />
:Cueball: Spices? Really?<br />
:Friend: Sure – Mussolini made the trains run on thyme.<br />
:Cueball: ...<br />
:Cueball: We are no longer friends.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]<br />
[[Category:Puns]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1648:_Famous_Duos&diff=1134021648: Famous Duos2016-02-26T18:22:01Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1648<br />
| date = February 26, 2016<br />
| title = Famous Duos<br />
| image = famous_duos.png<br />
| titletext = The Romeo and Butt-Head film actually got two thumbs up from Siskel and Oates.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Needs to be expanded; Needs a main explanation}}<br />
<br />
In popular culture (the term is loosely used in this case) there are many famous duos, such as Calvin & Hobbes (six years old boy and his toy tiger, from the cartoon strip with the same name) or David & Goliath (future King of Israel and giant, from the Book of Samuel, Old Testament). In this table, Randall describes a fictional parallel universe where the same names are used in different combinations -- instead of Calvin, it is now Thelma (from the movie Thelma & Louise) who is paired up with Hobbes.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
|+ Famous duos in this universe<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Name<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | pairing<br />
! scope="col" | Partner<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | From<br />
! scope="col" | Name index<br />
! scope="col" | Partner index<br />
|-<br />
| Thelma<br />
| and<br />
| Louise <br />
| {{w|Thelma_%26_Louise|road trip film}}<br />
| 1<br />
| 3<br />
|-<br />
| When Harry<br />
| Met <br />
| Sally <br />
| {{w|When_Harry_Met_Sally...|romantic comedy film}}<br />
| 2<br />
| 16<br />
|-<br />
| Batman <br />
| and <br />
| Robin<br />
| {{w|Batman|comic book characters}}<br />
| 3<br />
| 4<br />
|-<br />
| Antony <br />
| and<br />
| Cleopatra<br />
| historical figures<br />
| 4<br />
| 12<br />
|-<br />
| Romeo <br />
| and <br />
| Juliet<br />
| {{w|Romeo_and_Juliet|Shakespeare characters}}<br />
| 5<br />
| 24<br />
|-<br />
| Bonnie<br />
| and <br />
| Clyde<br />
| {{w|Bonnie_and_Clyde|historical figures}}<br />
| 6<br />
| 7<br />
|-<br />
| Pinky<br />
| and<br />
| the Brain <br />
| {{w|Pinky_and_the_Brain|TV show}}<br />
| 7<br />
| 20<br />
|-<br />
| Simon <br />
| and<br />
| Garfunkel<br />
| {{w|Simon_%26_Garfunkel|musical duo}}<br />
| 8<br />
| 22<br />
|-<br />
| Beauty <br />
| and<br />
| the Beast <br />
| {{w|Beauty_and_the_Beast|fairy tale characters}}<br />
| 9<br />
| 10<br />
|-<br />
| Beavis <br />
| and<br />
| Butthead<br />
| {{w|Beavis_and_Butt-Head|TV show}}<br />
| 10<br />
| 5<br />
|-<br />
| Rocky<br />
| and<br />
| Bullwinkle<br />
| {{w|The_Rocky_and_Bullwinkle_Show|TV show}}<br />
| 11<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| Abbott<br />
| and<br />
| Costello<br />
| {{w|Abbott_and_Costello|comedy duo}}<br />
| 12<br />
| 17<br />
|-<br />
| Dr. Jekyll <br />
| and <br />
| Mr. Hyde<br />
| {{w|Strange_Case_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde|book}}<br />
| 13<br />
| 15<br />
|-<br />
| Samson<br />
| and<br />
| Delilah<br />
| {{w|Samson_and_Delilah|Biblical characters}}<br />
| 14<br />
| 11<br />
|-<br />
| Butch Cassidy<br />
| and<br />
| the Sundance Kid<br />
| historical characters and famous movie<br />
| 15<br />
| 23<br />
|-<br />
| Bill<br />
| and<br />
| Ted’s Excellent Adventure and Bogus Journey<br />
| movie series<br />
| 16<br />
| 6<br />
|-<br />
| David<br />
| and<br />
| Goliath<br />
| Biblical characters<br />
| 17<br />
| 8<br />
|-<br />
| Sherlock Holmes<br />
| and<br />
| Dr. Watson<br />
| {{w|Sherlock_Holmes|Arthur Conan Doyle characters}}<br />
| 18<br />
| 19<br />
|-<br />
| Jay <br />
| and<br />
| Silent Bob<br />
| {{w|Jay_and_Silent_Bob|View Askewniverse characters (Clerks movies)}}<br />
| 19<br />
| 18<br />
|-<br />
| Anna <br />
| and<br />
| the King<br />
| {{w|Anna_and_the_King|movie}}, based on Anna and the King of Siam<br />
| 20<br />
| 21<br />
|-<br />
| Calvin<br />
| and<br />
| Hobbes<br />
| {{w|Calvin_and_Hobbes|comic series}}<br />
| 21<br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| Timon <br />
| and<br />
| Pumbaa<br />
| {{w|Timon_and_Pumbaa|characters from the Lion King film series}}<br />
| 22<br />
| 14<br />
|-<br />
| Mary Kate<br />
| and<br />
| Ashley Olsen<br />
| {{w|Mary-Kate_and_Ashley_Olsen|twin actresses}}<br />
| 23<br />
| 13<br />
|-<br />
| Mario<br />
| and<br />
| Luigi<br />
| {{w|Mario_Bros.|video game characters}}<br />
| 24<br />
| 9<br />
|-<br />
| Siskel<br />
| and<br />
| Ebert <br />
| {{w|At_the_Movies_(U.S._TV_series)|movie critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert}}<br />
| 25 (title) <br />
| N/A<br />
|-<br />
| Hall or Garfunkel<br />
| and<br />
| Oates<br />
| {{w|Hall_%26_Oates|musical duo}} or {{w|Garfunkel_and_Oates|comedy duo}}<br />
| N/A<br />
| 26 (title)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
<br />
Famous Duos in a nearby parallel universe<br />
<br />
Thelma and Hobbes<br />
<br />
when Harry met Bullwinkle<br />
<br />
Batman and Louise<br />
<br />
Antony and Robin<br />
<br />
Romeo and Butthead<br />
<br />
bonnie and Ted's ecellent adventure<br />
<br />
Pinky and Clyde<br />
<br />
Simon and Goliath<br />
<br />
Beauty and Luigi<br />
<br />
Beavis and The Beast<br />
<br />
Rocky and Delilah<br />
<br />
Abbot and Cleopatra<br />
<br />
Dr. Jekyll and Ashley Olsen<br />
<br />
Samson and Pumbaa<br />
<br />
Butch Cassidy and Mr. Hyde<br />
<br />
Bill and Sally's Bogus Journey<br />
<br />
David and Costello<br />
<br />
Sherlock Holmes and Silent Bob<br />
<br />
Jay and Dr. Watson<br />
<br />
Anna and The Brain<br />
<br />
Calvin and The King<br />
<br />
Timon and Garfunkel<br />
<br />
Mary-Kate and The Sundance Kid<br />
<br />
Mario and Juliet<br />
<br />
== Cycles ==<br />
There are four cycles. The longest starts with "Thelma" and ends with "Louise" as follows:<br />
<br />
* First cycle: length 15<br />
Thelma & Louise<br />
Calvin & Hobbes<br />
Anna & the King<br />
Pinky & the Brain<br />
Bonnie & Clyde<br />
Bill & Ted<br />
Harry & Sally<br />
Rocky & Bullwinkle<br />
Samson & Delilah<br />
Timon & Pumbaa<br />
Simon & Garfunkel<br />
David & Goliath<br />
Abbot & Costello<br />
Antony & Cleopatra<br />
Batman & Robin<br />
<br />
This means, it starts with "Thelma", paired with "Hobbes" diagonally down, from "Hobbes" to "Calvin", who is paired with "the King" and so on, until "Batman" is paired with "Louise", completing the cycle.<br />
<br />
* Second cycle: length 4<br />
Romeo & Juliet<br />
Beavis & Butthead<br />
Beauty & the Beast<br />
Mario & Luigi<br />
<br />
* Third cycle: length 3<br />
Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde<br />
Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen<br />
Butch Cassidy & the Sundance Kid<br />
<br />
* Fourth cycle: length 2<br />
Sherlock Holmes & Dr. Watson<br />
Jay & Silent Bob<br />
<br />
Assigning an index starting with 0 (= Thelma & Louise) to 23 (= Mario & Luigi), they can be written as:<br />
<br />
(0, 20, 19, 6, 5, 15, 1, 10, 13, 21, 7, 16, 11, 3, 2)<br />
(4, 9, 8, 23)<br />
(12, 22, 14) <br />
(17, 18)<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1648:_Famous_Duos&diff=113397Talk:1648: Famous Duos2016-02-26T16:08:48Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Possible inspiration */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Remember to sign your comments with a ~~~~ --><br />
Aren't "Pinky and Clyde" also the names of the pink and orange Pacman ghosts? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.36|108.162.216.36]] 11:48, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== No rhyme nor reason to these pairings? ==<br />
<br />
It appears the pairings are completely random. I was looking for some deeper meaning to them but it seems this is one of those comics to be taken entirely at face value. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.12|108.162.216.12]] 14:18, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
You've already posted the correct pairs, but of course I wanted to draw them with lines, nursery school style:<br />
<br />
http://i.imgur.com/tWTJAYC.gif<br />
<br />
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.228.143|108.162.228.143]] 15:33, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Possible inspiration ==<br />
Possible inspiration: the comedy music duo calling themselves Garfunkel and Oates<br />
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.48|108.162.216.48]] 15:45, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Yes, that was my first thought as well. Never heard of Hall. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 16:08, 26 February 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1648:_Famous_Duos&diff=113396Talk:1648: Famous Duos2016-02-26T16:08:18Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Possible inspiration */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Remember to sign your comments with a ~~~~ --><br />
Aren't "Pinky and Clyde" also the names of the pink and orange Pacman ghosts? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.36|108.162.216.36]] 11:48, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== No rhyme nor reason to these pairings? ==<br />
<br />
It appears the pairings are completely random. I was looking for some deeper meaning to them but it seems this is one of those comics to be taken entirely at face value. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.12|108.162.216.12]] 14:18, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
You've already posted the correct pairs, but of course I wanted to draw them with lines, nursery school style:<br />
<br />
http://i.imgur.com/tWTJAYC.gif<br />
<br />
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.228.143|108.162.228.143]] 15:33, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Possible inspiration ==<br />
Possible inspiration: the comedy music duo calling themselves Garfunkel and Oates<br />
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.48|108.162.216.48]] 15:45, 26 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
Yes, that was my first thought as well. Never heard of Hall. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 16:08, 26 February 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1634:_In_Case_of_Emergency&diff=110007Talk:1634: In Case of Emergency2016-01-26T03:46:49Z<p>108.162.219.5: added comment</p>
<hr />
<div>Just attempted my first transcript... [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.163|108.162.249.163]] 07:22, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Can someone please explain the title text?? When I search for "emergency locker" on google images, I get some disconcerting results... [[Special:Contributions/198.41.243.238|198.41.243.238]] 08:20, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
:Probably means something like this: http://www.amazon.co.uk/St-John-Ambulance-Lockable-Cabinet/dp/B003KK6948 [[User:Jdluk|Jdluk]] ([[User talk:Jdluk|talk]]) 09:36, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
::He clearly means something with glass in front of the locker inside. I have in vain tried to find anything like it on the web. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 15:07, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
:::Try http://www.uline.com/Product/Detail/H-2122/Fire-Protection/Fire-Extinguisher-Cabinet-2-1-2-5-lb or https://www.grainger.com/product/ALTA-Fire-Extinguisher-Cabinet-40LU32?s_pp=false&picUrl=//static.grainger.com/rp/s/is/image/Grainger/40LU32_AS02?$smthumb$ (enlarge the image and look at the door handle). I can't find what I remember as the classic with a hammer and instructions in read letters. I suspect I'm dating myself and Randall since it appears there have been some technological changes in the way these cabinets are constructed.[[Special:Contributions/198.41.235.95|198.41.235.95]] 16:16, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
What I've wanted to do is have a normal one with a fire extinguisher, and next to it have a fireplace with a hammer in the back and a sign that says "In case of glass, extinguish fire." [[User:DanielLC|DanielLC]] ([[User talk:DanielLC|talk]]) 10:10, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
:: Me too! Though I'd prefer "In case of broken glass, start a fire." [[Special:Contributions/108.162.237.71|108.162.237.71]] 19:04, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
sorry, "it's" abuse again. aren't we supposed to be geeks? --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.106.161|141.101.106.161]] 13:50, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:The "incomplete" infobox says ''Fire alarms usually only have plastic in front - not glass that needs to be broken.'' However, there are many styles of pull station which do in fact have glass which needs to be broken: [http://s423.photobucket.com/user/wiley207/media/K-8/IMG_3033.jpg.html example]. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.237.74|108.162.237.74]] 16:37, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
:: An agreement with the above: Please edit the 'incomplete' tag. While it's true that this new comic's explanation is indeed incomplete, the statement that 'fire alarms do not usually have glass that needs to be broken' isn't just untrue, it's clearly written from one user's perspective in a way that only confuses the meaning of the comic. The whole tag could use rewording, hopefully towards making a statement about what needs to be changed, rather than just declaring a disagreement. - [[Special:Contributions/141.101.70.43|141.101.70.43]] 17:15, 25 January 2016 (UTC)<br />
:::With the above: I think the explanation's complete. Googling "emergency locker glass" clearly reveals the apparatus in the comic (although without "glass" the results aren't that at all) so I think the reason is invalid. Should the tag be removed?03:46, 26 January 2016 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:380:_Emoticon&diff=107182Talk:380: Emoticon2015-12-17T18:34:45Z<p>108.162.219.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>This ''may'' also be a reference or allusion to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Langford#Basilisks David Langford's basilisks], which are computer-generated images (mostly fractals) that kill or otherwise incapacitate people by triggering faults or overloads common to human neuropathways. ...I think it's just about the humor in a mythological basilisk's power transferring via emoticons, though. [[User:JET73L|JET73L]] ([[User talk:JET73L|talk]]) 16:05, 8 February 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<BSLSK05> :) {{unsigned ip|173.72.159.14}}<br />
<br />
Perhaps Cueball isn't dead, but petrified, because he saw the eyes indirectly? Like in Harry Potter. [[Special:Contributions/121.99.61.70|121.99.61.70]] 21:10, 15 July 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:The X'd eyes and skull floating above [[Cueball]] indicates that the basilisk was, indeed, successful in its task. For those concerned about the paradox between "Cueball"'s untimely demise in this comic and his future appearances, consider this a parallel reality. Your brain is safe! [[User:Thokling|Thokling]] ([[User talk:Thokling|talk]]) 05:50, 22 September 2013 (UTC)<br />
:: Maybe a Poincaré recurrence time passes between this comic and the next one.<br />
<br />
:: ...or just consider that 'Cueball' is simply the name of the 'species' of stick figure here. Otherwise, the Cueball here would still be [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/Talk:169:_Words_that_End_in_GRY missing a hand, literally.] [[User:Greyson|Greyson]] ([[User talk:Greyson|talk]]) 03:16, 16 December 2013 (UTC)<br />
::: Of course, there's no way we can tell it's not a prosthesis. --[[User:Alex|Alex]] ([[User talk:Alex|talk]]) 19:51, 17 May 2014 (UTC)<br />
Is this the last comic with a CRT monitor? [[Special:Contributions/89.243.117.162|89.243.117.162]] 20:57, 14 August 2013 (UTC)<br />
:Good question, I did add a category for this so we can collect them.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:26, 21 August 2013 (UTC)<br />
::The CTR category was deleted by Davidy so the puzzle is left unsolved [[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:10, 16 May 2014 (UTC)<br />
<br />
It would be extraordinarily like xkcd to include a reference to [[http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Roko%27s_basilisk Roko's Basilisk]] and make it literal, in a manner similar to how other debates and ideas in computer science, mathematics, and other fields became actual battles. Consider [[http://xkcd.com/804/ Pumpkin Carving]] or [[http://xkcd.com/704/ Principle of Explosion]], where ideas from set theory and logic manifest directly in the world. Warning: some folk find the thought experiment of Roko's Basilisk disturbing. {{unsigned ip|108.162.238.166}}<br />
:As noted above, the reference is more likely to Langford's basilisks (though the rest of your comment fits just as well). Though now I at least have an idea why is Roko's Basilisk named that... I kept wondering "why is this thought experiment in any way similar to a basilisk?" --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.81.74|141.101.81.74]] 06:37, 9 November 2015 (UTC)<br />
::For that matter, this particular comic is early enough that it actually ''predates'' the Roko's Basilisk story. --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.81.78|141.101.81.78]] 15:24, 10 November 2015 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1537:_Types&diff=95347Talk:1537: Types2015-06-12T12:54:59Z<p>108.162.219.5: Question about comic's theme</p>
<hr />
<div>Relevant: WAT talk https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/talks/wat<br />
<br />
Are (6) and (7) about completing sequences?<br />
<br />
If the sequence was [1, 2, 3, ?] we would expect the ? to be a placeholder for 4. So [1, 2, 3]+2 is wrong := FALSE. But [1, 2, 3]+4 is correct := TRUE.<br />
<br />
"+2 appears to be applying a unary + to the number 2" : or it adds the number of the line, 10, to 2 => 12. Also, the eleventh line, "2+2" may add 2 to all the following 2, explaining line 12. (that theory is from a friend of mine) [[User:Seipas|Seipas]] ([[User talk:Seipas|talk]]) 12:17, 12 June 2015 (UTC)<br />
: Also, for the lines 6 and 7, the operation "[1,2,3]+x" may add x to the set [1,2,3] and return true if the operation succeeded or false if not. Adding 2 to the set [1,2,3] returns false because 2 is already in [1,2,3]. [[User:Seipas|Seipas]] ([[User talk:Seipas|talk]]) 12:23, 12 June 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Yellowish Blue: http://www.livescience.com/17948-red-green-blue-yellow-stunning-colors.html is NaN!<br />
<br />
<br />
''"The ironic thing is that fractions with 2 in the nominator are not the kind of numbers that typically suffer from floating point impreciseness."''<br />
- This is not technically correct. Should read "fractions with 'power of 2' in the '''de'''nominator. However, the 3/2 would cause precision errors.<br />
<br />
Is there more to this comic, a fixed set of rules that can tie all the examples together, or does each line make its own joke independently? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 12:54, 12 June 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== "normally" ==<br />
<br />
<blockquote>This would make sense if it was <code>[] + 2</code></blockquote><br />
<br />
It really wouldn't. Javascript returns <code>"2"</code> (god knows why) and Python gives an error. Don't really feel like testing many other languages, but I also think it's not really a logical assumption to make at all. Can't think of a reason for <code>[] + 2</code> to return <code>[2]</code>... ever. It ''might'' make a little bit of sense in Randall's oddly typed language, but not in any sane one. --[[User:TotempaaltJ|TotempaaltJ]] ([[User talk:TotempaaltJ|talk]]) 12:35, 12 June 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: Javascript first converts <code>[]</code> (the empty array) to the empty string (using the rule "stringify each element and join with a comma"), then treats the operation as <code>"" + 2</code>, which results in conversion of the other operand to string and then concatenation. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.97.214|141.101.97.214]] 12:46, 12 June 2015 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1521:_Sword_in_the_Stone&diff=930991521: Sword in the Stone2015-05-11T17:53:07Z<p>108.162.219.5: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1521<br />
| date = May 6, 2015<br />
| title = Sword in the Stone<br />
| image = sword in the stone.png<br />
| titletext = That seems like an awful lot of hassle when all I wanted was a cool sword.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
In this comic, [[Megan]] pulls a sword out of a stone. A flash of light comes down and music plays, and a heavenly voice tells her she has ascended to the {{w|throne of England}}. Megan then pulls out her phone and searches on Wikipedia for {{w|England}} (proving the comic takes place in a time period with Wikipedia). After having read for a while she begins, while reading on, to replace the sword into the rock.<br />
<br />
The comic references the fables of {{w|King Arthur}} and the {{w|Knights of the Round Table}}. In Arthurian legend, whoever can remove {{w|Excalibur#Excalibur_and_the_Sword_in_the_Stone|The Sword in the Stone}} is the lawful king of England. Arthur is an orphan being raised in secret; he notices the sword, removes it, and is proclaimed king. The sword is sometimes identified as {{w|Excalibur}}, although in other versions Excalibur was acquired by King Arthur from the {{w|Lady of the Lake}}. The most familiar version of this story is {{w|The Sword in the Stone}} by {{w|T. H. White}} which is based on {{w|Le Morte d'Arthur}} by {{w|Sir Thomas Malory}}. The animated {{w|The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(film)|musical}} by Walt Disney is a well known version of this fairytale based on White's book.<br />
<br />
A key element in the joke is that as Megan begins to read about England, especially information concerning being an English ruler, she quickly thinks better of this and begins to put the sword back in its place. The punchline that Megan puts the sword back after reading about England suggests that the "gift" of being the leader of England is not worth the risk and/or work associated.<br />
<br />
English history is rife with monarchic strife, and a brief inquiry into their {{w|List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death|causes of death}} will show that almost one in three {{w|British rulers}} have died either in battle or from murder, etc. This would quickly lead most sane people to conclude that the risks associated with ruling England far outweigh the benefits.<br />
<br />
The title text furthers this plot, having Megan comment on the hassle when the only thing she was interested in was the cool sword. Apparently Megan is not enthusiastic about power, and her choice is made when she sees how problematic it could be to reign over the country of England. There is also a subtle play on the fact that in the T. H. White version, Arthur likewise is unaware of the significance of pulling the sword from the stone; he is simply looking for a sword to replace the one the one belonging to his step-brother Kay that was stolen under his watch, to avoid embarrassment and reproach.<br />
<br />
From the time of the {{w|Roman Empire}} all the way up to {{w|Charles II of England|Charles II's}} reclamation of the throne, England has seen {{w|Invasions of the British Isles|several migration waves, Viking raids, invasions}} and fierce power struggles among aristocratic families. Besides the constant threat of usurpation, as evidenced by the numerous wars for the crown, such as the {{w|Norman_conquest_of_England|Norman conquest}} and the {{w|War of the Roses}}, there were also constant difficulties in managing the frontier regions. This can be seen from {{w|Hadrian's Wall}}, a creation of the titular Roman Emperor designed to keep the ever difficult Scots out of the areas of Roman control (the Scots would be a {{w|Anglo-Scottish Wars|constant problem}} for England up until the reign of {{w|James VI and I|King James VI and I}}; think of the movie {{w|Braveheart}} for a good example of the regular headaches they caused, seen from the English point of view), as well as the {{w|List_of_Anglo-Welsh_Wars|Welsh uprisings}} that occurred with such consistency that you could set your watch by them.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that in Arthurian Legend, it is stated that Arthur would return when England most needed him. It is possible that Megan in this comic is a 21st century version (reincarnation) of the old Arthur.<br />
<br />
The timing of this comic might relate to the birth of princess {{w|Princess_Charlotte_of_Cambridge|Charlotte Elizabeth Diana}} on May 2nd, 2015 just four days before this comic, and the burden of a royal of having a whole life in public shaking hands of strangers. Since {{w|Succession to the Throne Act, 2013|2013}} the {{w|Line of succession to the British throne|line of succession}} was changed to {{w|Primogeniture#Absolute_primogeniture|absolute primogeniture}}, meaning that she will keep her current position in the line (4th after her {{w|Prince George of Cambridge|older brother}}) even if she later gets baby brothers. Before this year, that would not have been the case, as the male gender took rank over birth order.<br />
<br />
It is also probably not a coincidence that this comic was published the day before the {{w|United Kingdom general election, 2015|UK General Election}}, occurring on May 7, 2015. This election decides the modern day leader of England and the rest of the UK. And the problems they face today, may even be more likely to cause Megan to give away the throne, than the risk of untimely death she would have faced in Arthur's days.<br />
<br />
A similar Wikipedia gag appears in [[911: Magic School Bus]].<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
<br />
:[Megan walks up to a sword in a stone.]<br />
<br />
:[Megan attempts to pull the sword out of the stone.]<br />
<br />
:[A beam of light and music plays as she removes the sword.]<br />
<br />
:[While standing with the swords a voice from the sky speaks in gray shaky letters:]<br />
:Celestial voice: ''The Throne of England is yours''<br />
<br />
:[Megan takes out her smart phone and searches:]<br />
:Wikipedia <br />
:England<br />
<br />
:[Megan reads on her phone.]<br />
<br />
:[Megan starts to replace the sword back into the stone.]<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<!-- Include any categories below this line. --><br />
<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]<br />
[[Category:Wikipedia]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1372:_Smartwatches&diff=680911372: Smartwatches2014-05-26T11:55:03Z<p>108.162.219.5: Come on, electric shock from 3 - 4 volts? also the battery won't explode when it is not confined anymore (after sawing through it)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1372<br />
| date = May 23, 2014<br />
| title = Smartwatches<br />
| image = smartwatches.png<br />
| titletext = This is even better than my previous smartphone casemod: an old Western Electric Model 2500 desk phone handset complete with a frayed, torn-off cord dangling from it.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Important Safety Warning==<br />
Prior to sawing a smartphone, remove the battery. Sawing through a phone that contains a battery can cause chemical burns or fire.<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
[[wikipedia:Smartwatch|Smartwatches]] are fairly recent innovations which function something like smartphones which are attached to one's wrist, although the screens are often shorter than those of typical smartphones, and they typically need to be attached via bluetooth to a smartphone. This comic shows someone "{{w|Case modding}}" some smartwatches and a broken smartphone; that is, taking the electronic innards of two smartwatches and putting them into the sawn-in-half case of a smartphone before attaching the two halves with a hinge, allowing it to open and close like flip phones, a type that was popular before the rise of smartphones.<br />
<br />
The {{w|Model_500_telephone#Model_2500|Western Electric Model 2500}} is the last standard desk-style domestic telephone set issued by the {{w|Bell System}} in North America. It contains the # key and the * key, so it can be said it has same application features as the first cellphones, but it's obviously much bigger, and of course not wireless. Smartphones usually have much more functionality. {{w|Case modding}} is the art of building machines (usually computers) into nicely shaped non-standard cases. The opinion about "niceness" of the result vary, as usual in art. The point is that changing the case doesn't change the functionality, so the niceness (or, usually, "coolness") is only relevant feature (although, badly done modding can affect cooling).<br />
<br />
It appears that [[Randall]] has a rather low opinion of smartwatches, as he suggests that it would be better to take out their screens and mount them onto a dead iPhone than to use them the way smartwatches are normally used.<br />
<br />
However, Randall's suggestion to cut open the dead phone with a hacksaw is unsound for several reasons:<br />
1. Any attempt to saw through glass will cause it to shatter. To cut glass, one needs to grind it, not saw it.<br />
2. Even if the phone is dead, the battery may be charged. Saw blades conduct electricity, so the person might get shocked.<br />
3. Some batteries contain chemicals that are toxic or explosive. Even if the battery is discharged, sawing through it is very dangerous.<br />
To add which, the hinge depicted in the cartoon is an ordinary household hinge. It is overly large for using in electronics compared to hinges on old clamshell-style cell phones, and drilling holes in the watch cases to attach one would potentially damage the internal electronic circuits, rendering the watch useless.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:A USE FOR SMARTWATCHES:<br />
:[Depicted are two smartwatches, both labelled as "Working" and showing generic colour displays, and one smartphone labelled as "Dead" with a blank screen.]<br />
<br />
:[A hacksaw cutting through the smartphone, throughout the middle of the long edge of the case.]<br />
<br />
:[The two smartwatches are shown with the wristband and case broken around the edge of the display because the displays with the associated electronics are removed. Arrows are shown coming from the smartwatch cases to the smartwatch displays, then from the displays to the smartphone case halves.]<br />
<br />
:[The smartphone halves are installed with the smartwatch components and a hinge with screws beside is shown. Another view shows the hinge screwed into the back of the smartphone case.]<br />
<br />
:[The smartphone with the working smartwatch components installed is shown, with the hinge three-quarters open and fully closed - resembling an early flip-phone.]<br />
:World's first flip iPhone<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Comics with color]]<br />
[[Category:Smartphones]]</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:965:_Elements&diff=62790Talk:965: Elements2014-03-16T21:51:07Z<p>108.162.219.5: </p>
<hr />
<div>Where did Mendeleev get the polonium from? Can he transmute elements or something? '''[[User:Davidy22|<u>{{Color|purple|David}}<font color=green size=3px>y</font></u><font color=indigo size=4px>²²</font>]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 08:26, 9 March 2013 (UTC)<br />
:Did someone say transmute?<br />
:If the water in Aang's body (or the water he's bending) came from the Lohontan valley region of Nevada, then his body can have as much as .2 picocuries per liter.[http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/fallon/polonium_faqs.pdf] this is not enough to kill you or even get you sick, but if Aang is bringing enough water into this epic battle Mendeleev could pull a lethal dose from that. The odds that this battle is taking place in Nevada are probably on a par with the actual Mendeleev meeting the fictional Aang. {{unsigned ip|170.170.59.139}}<br />
Sodium bending would have been much more spectacular, due to the water.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.202|108.162.219.202]] 04:19, 3 January 2014 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1334:_Second&diff=60939Talk:1334: Second2014-02-24T18:27:41Z<p>108.162.219.5: Note about the "Gooooooogle" footer.</p>
<hr />
<div>Reference to how much Google knows about us and the 'Filter Bubble'? <br />
OTOH could just be a straight-forward observation of the search habits of most people - if I don't find what you're looking for on the first page , I try to refine my search terms rather than goto page 2 . <br />
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.225.132|108.162.225.132]] 05:52, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
:But you can remember a time when you ''did'' go to the second or third page with some frequency, back when the G<span style="color:red">o</span><span style="color:gold">oooooooooo</span>gle at the bottom of each page was rendered in text and your mom thought it was just so cool that the red 'o' showed her which page she was on. [[User:Jameslucas|jameslucas]] <small>([[User talk:Jameslucas|" "]] / [[Special:Contributions/Jameslucas|+]])</small> 14:32, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
::What do you mean, “back when”? The G<span style="color:red">o</span><span style="color:gold">oooooooooo</span>gle still behaves the way you described. --[[Special:Contributions/108.162.254.64|108.162.254.64]] 16:58, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
:::Not quite. If you look at it, it's actually showing bits of an image, which happens to contain text. (The sprite sheet is http://www.google.com/images/nav_logo170_hr.png ) [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.5|108.162.219.5]] 18:27, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
Interestingly, some research <citation missing> shows that Google's results are oriented more towards commercial results than other vendors, meaning that if you are looking for a non-commercial answer you might need to look at the second page (or switch search providers). [[User:Randymack|Randymack]] ([[User talk:Randymack|talk]]) 12:45, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
:I really want to see that citation. --[[User:NeatNit|NeatNit]] ([[User talk:NeatNit|talk]]) 15:09, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
::You could probably Google for it... :) [[Special:Contributions/199.27.128.84|199.27.128.84]] 17:16, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
<br />
The dictionary definition of "desperation" looks a bit out of place. What's the point in it? Also, is there an explanation for the talking rock? A mention to the symbolic over dramatization of the incident? [[User:Dulcis|Dulcis]] ([[User talk:Dulcis|talk]]) 15:43, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Are we sure it's a desert? I know it mentions "desolate wastes", but it looks an awful lot like a seashore to me, not a desert. —[[User:Scs|Scs]] ([[User talk:Scs|talk]]) 17:09, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
:I can see that, but fairly certain it's a desert. His footprints linger to the right. If he were wading in water they'd not last. And the rock on the left has several smaller pebbles around it, which would be covered if the rock were in water. [[Special:Contributions/199.27.128.84|199.27.128.84]] 17:21, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
<br />
I think the title text is referring to the results from searching for a number like "19". Instead of information about nineteen, you get lots of pages which tangentially refer to it, such as "President correcting discrimination against 19 Jewish, Hispanic and African American soldiers" or pages with a copyright year of 19xx. -[[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.7|108.162.219.7]] 17:10, 24 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
:The title text actually says "page copyright year starts with '19'." I don't know how that can be interpreted as anything other than a reference to a year. [[Special:Contributions/199.27.128.84|199.27.128.84]] 17:21, 24 February 2014 (UTC)</div>108.162.219.5https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1324:_Weather&diff=591831324: Weather2014-02-02T14:29:46Z<p>108.162.219.5: Link first occurrence of Hairy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1324<br />
| date = January 31, 2014<br />
| title = Weather<br />
| image = weather.png<br />
| titletext = At least if you're really into, like, Turkish archaeology, store clerks aren't like 'hey, how 'bout those Derinkuyu underground cities!' when they're trying to be polite.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{incomplete|All the basic facts are there, but it badly needs a copyedit}}<br />
==Explanation==<br />
Social norm accepts casual small-talk as an ice breaker for interaction — usually it is always safe to talk about the weather without hitting any disagreement as there are rarely any personal view point about the weather — in contrast small talk is never about political subjects or similar where chances are that there are strong personal view points.<br />
<br />
In this strip [[Cueball]] is an expert in weather systems, and when [[Hairy]] makes a comment about the weather he has problem deciphering if Hairy is asking for his expert opinion or is simply trying to make small-talk -- only weather experts would have this problem, as almost no other topic is suitable for opening a conversation in casual small-talk. Cueball switches to small-talk once he understand that Hairy is confused and didn't expect to get detailed expert tech-talk.<br />
<br />
As to the jargon:<br />
* {{w|Jet stream|Jet streams}} are strong air currents high in the atmosphere which have a big influence on the weather. <br />
* 18z is 18:00 {{w|Coordinated Universal Time|UTC}} (6 PM in Greenwich, England, 10 AM in California). See {{w|ISO 8601}} at Wikipedia. The letter "Z" is used as 'Zulu' in the {{w|NATO phonetic alphabet}}, meaning just UTC.<br />
* GFS is the {{w|Global Forecast System}} (also known as NCEP-GFS). It is a computer model used by the {{w|National Weather Service}} to predict the weather up to 16 days in advance. The model is run 4 times a day and the output is distinguished by the UTC hour it was started (18z in this case).<br />
* Part of the prediction is the {{w|atmospheric pressure}} expressed in {{w|Bar (unit)|mbar}} (or mb). 960 mbar is very low pressure, which is usually associated with seriously bad weather (record low pressure for Minnesota was 963 mbar till 1998).<br />
<br />
The title text mentions store clerks who are well known for small talk about the weather as part of their sales talk. But here the clerk instead makes small talk about {{w|Derinkuyu Underground City|Derinkuyu Underground Cities}}, one of the most well-known {{w|History of Turkey|archaeological sites in Turkey}}, in a country known for its many well-preserved ancient sites from a broad range of time periods. It would be very tempting for a Turkish archaeology geek to launch into a detailed conversation on the subject or related news -- however the subject is extremely unlikely as a topic for small-talk.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Cueball and Hairy are talking.]<br />
:Hairy: So, how 'bout this weather?<br />
:Cueball: I ''know,'' right? The whole jet stream layer is ''nuts!''<br />
:Hairy: Um, sure...<br />
:Cueball: The 18z GFS forecasts 960mb by Tuesday. Think it'll verify?<br />
:Hairy: What?<br />
:Cueball: ...Right. Sorry. Uh, yeah! Weather sure has been crazy.<br />
<br />
:Weather geeks have it tough.<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Hairy]]</div>108.162.219.5