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		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=162.158.90.12</id>
		<title>explain xkcd - User contributions [en]</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-16T21:23:51Z</updated>
		<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141814</id>
		<title>Talk:1854: Refresh Types</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141814"/>
				<updated>2017-06-24T12:26:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and not delete this comment.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Similar to [https://xkcd.com/1638/ this comic]. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.212.83|108.162.212.83]] 14:55, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aren't you supposed to use Shift-F5 (at least in chrome) for a hard refresh - not Ctrl - F5.  https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/157179?visit_id=1-636338263045956762-2405452703&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;rd=2 {{unsigned ip|108.162.219.136}}&lt;br /&gt;
:I believe that's correct. It is likely browser dependent. --[[User:Arccos|Arccos]] ([[User talk:Arccos|talk]]) 15:27, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Erratum: The middle hard-refresh option is missing something - it lists only modifier keys. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.142.185|172.68.142.185]] 15:32, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It appears that the &amp;quot;hard refresh&amp;quot; option is a real option, but that the keyboard shortcuts in the comic may not be correct. The above user's linked material suggests that the keyboard shortcut for a hard refresh, labeled &amp;quot;Reload the current page, ignoring cached content&amp;quot;, is, in Chrome, SHIFT-F5 or CTRL-Shift-R on Windows and APPLE-Shift-R on a keyboard for MacOS. This is in contrast to the comic, which currently lists CTRL-F5, CTRL-Up, and APPLE-UP-R as the shortcuts. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.105|162.158.74.105]] 15:33, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::That's not an &amp;quot;UP,&amp;quot; the symbol ⇧ represents the SHIFT key. Indeed it appears Randall omitted the 'R' inadvertently. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 15:46, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Randall says the keys are examples, meaning some may missing. But for me it looks like the most common shortcuts. Except the hard refresh by pressing CTRL+SHIFT, that's nonsense because a F5 or R should follow. I'm sure we will see a picture update soon. Stay tuned...--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:44, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Ctrl-F5 works across every browser. It does appear that Shift-F5 also works in Chrome. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:35, 23 June 2017 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The missile launch keys can be totally identical for the two-man rule to work; the thing is not that they are interchangeable, but that the locks are too far apart for one person to operate both. [[User:Chrullrich|Chrullrich]] ([[User talk:Chrullrich|talk]]) 18:49, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Big Bang refresh - restarts universe just to be sure there's nothing stuck in cache.  (Of course in EMACS, that's just good old: C-x M-c M-bigbang).  :-)  [[Special:Contributions/162.158.69.39|162.158.69.39]] 20:41, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It looks like the &amp;quot;harder refresh&amp;quot; shortcut also requires two keyboards to work, since the &amp;quot;hyper&amp;quot; key seems to only exist on the space-cadet keyboard, which does not have an F5 key. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.105|162.158.74.105]] 19:12, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What do we use when Skynet takes over? [[User:OldCorps|OldCorps]] ([[User talk:OldCorps|talk]]) 19:33, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gmail does not update instantaneously at all. I don't know how many times I've gotten a notification from my RSS feed, and then have to go to Gmail and press refresh. And that's not even counting external email. I frequently use the Gmail refresh button. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:30, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:That's weird, it definitely does for me. Sometimes it'll even update with the new unread emails before I get a notification that I got a new email. It updates faster than my work email. [[User:OldCorps|OldCorps]] ([[User talk:OldCorps|talk]]) 10:35, 24 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I also find it funny that this page uses an additional type of refresh: the &amp;quot;purge server cache&amp;quot; kind.  [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:30, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Powercycling datacenter can't be that long downtime unless the servers starts checking discs. And sometimes remotely triggering soft reset of server would really help user of incorrectly written application - servers are generally configured in way which allows them to start all needed services automatically. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 23:47, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dear [[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]], before deleting things and writing on topic you don't know about, please at least read [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#page-22 this], [https://superuser.com/questions/17464/difference-between-ctrlrefresh-and-ctrlshiftrefresh this] and {{w|Elasticity_(cloud_computing)#Example|this}}.{{unsigned ip|162.158.90.12}}&lt;br /&gt;
:Hi IP, please sign your posts with &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
:*I have mentioned RFC 7234 meta-tags for suppressing caching.&lt;br /&gt;
:*&amp;quot;Difference between Ctrl+Refresh and Ctrl+Shift+Refresh&amp;quot;. This an old QA from 2009 and still browser dependent. The HTTP-Response &amp;quot;304 Not Modified&amp;quot; isn't always reliable as I also have mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;
:*Your reboot statement doesn't belong to any cache issues. I will move it to the ''harder refresh'' section.&lt;br /&gt;
:Please stop the edit war by just undoing content. I have rewritten something by using many existing phrases. Please read my edits first before becoming upset. And please follow a unique style according to the rest of the page.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 10:44, 24 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::No war. I am clearly bad at explaining, so I'll not touch this explanation any more; you are free to fix it the way you want. But at least investigate the issue first, since your proposed sentence showed that you are not familiar with the issue. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Off-topic transcript discussion&lt;br /&gt;
I want to say that ELinks (the text-based web browser that I, for some reason, have on my Ubuntu) displays [//jacobds.tk/ExplainXKCDonElinks.png this] for the talk section. Isn't the transcript for text-based web browsers on comics where the official transcript fails? Also, I can't figure out how to put headers in. [[User:JacobDS65536|JacobDS65536]] ([[User talk:JacobDS65536|talk]]) 01:33, 24 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I don't understand your problem. Are you talking about the talk section or the transcript? And what's wrong except the inverse text?--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 10:44, 24 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141803</id>
		<title>Talk:1854: Refresh Types</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141803"/>
				<updated>2017-06-24T02:06:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and not delete this comment.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Similar to [https://xkcd.com/1638/ this comic]. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.212.83|108.162.212.83]] 14:55, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aren't you supposed to use Shift-F5 (at least in chrome) for a hard refresh - not Ctrl - F5.  https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/157179?visit_id=1-636338263045956762-2405452703&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;rd=2 {{unsigned ip|108.162.219.136}}&lt;br /&gt;
:I believe that's correct. It is likely browser dependent. --[[User:Arccos|Arccos]] ([[User talk:Arccos|talk]]) 15:27, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Erratum: The middle hard-refresh option is missing something - it lists only modifier keys. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.142.185|172.68.142.185]] 15:32, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It appears that the &amp;quot;hard refresh&amp;quot; option is a real option, but that the keyboard shortcuts in the comic may not be correct. The above user's linked material suggests that the keyboard shortcut for a hard refresh, labeled &amp;quot;Reload the current page, ignoring cached content&amp;quot;, is, in Chrome, SHIFT-F5 or CTRL-Shift-R on Windows and APPLE-Shift-R on a keyboard for MacOS. This is in contrast to the comic, which currently lists CTRL-F5, CTRL-Up, and APPLE-UP-R as the shortcuts. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.105|162.158.74.105]] 15:33, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::That's not an &amp;quot;UP,&amp;quot; the symbol ⇧ represents the SHIFT key. Indeed it appears Randall omitted the 'R' inadvertently. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 15:46, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Randall says the keys are examples, meaning some may missing. But for me it looks like the most common shortcuts. Except the hard refresh by pressing CTRL+SHIFT, that's nonsense because a F5 or R should follow. I'm sure we will see a picture update soon. Stay tuned...--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:44, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Ctrl-F5 works across every browser. It does appear that Shift-F5 also works in Chrome. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:35, 23 June 2017 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The missile launch keys can be totally identical for the two-man rule to work; the thing is not that they are interchangeable, but that the locks are too far apart for one person to operate both. [[User:Chrullrich|Chrullrich]] ([[User talk:Chrullrich|talk]]) 18:49, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Big Bang refresh - restarts universe just to be sure there's nothing stuck in cache.  (Of course in EMACS, that's just good old: C-x M-c M-bigbang).  :-)  [[Special:Contributions/162.158.69.39|162.158.69.39]] 20:41, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It looks like the &amp;quot;harder refresh&amp;quot; shortcut also requires two keyboards to work, since the &amp;quot;hyper&amp;quot; key seems to only exist on the space-cadet keyboard, which does not have an F5 key. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.105|162.158.74.105]] 19:12, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What do we use when Skynet takes over? [[User:OldCorps|OldCorps]] ([[User talk:OldCorps|talk]]) 19:33, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gmail does not update instantaneously at all. I don't know how many times I've gotten a notification from my RSS feed, and then have to go to Gmail and press refresh. And that's not even counting external email. I frequently use the Gmail refresh button. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:30, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I also find it funny that this page uses an additional type of refresh: the &amp;quot;purge server cache&amp;quot; kind.  [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 23:30, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Powercycling datacenter can't be that long downtime unless the servers starts checking discs. And sometimes remotely triggering soft reset of server would really help user of incorrectly written application - servers are generally configured in way which allows them to start all needed services automatically. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 23:47, 23 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Off-topic transcript discussion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I want to say that ELinks (the text-based web browser that I, for some reason, have on my Ubuntu) displays [//jacobds.tk/ExplainXKCDonElinks.png this] for the talk section. Isn't the transcript for text-based web browsers on comics where the official transcript fails? Also, I can't figure out how to put headers in. [[User:JacobDS65536|JacobDS65536]] ([[User talk:JacobDS65536|talk]]) 01:33, 24 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dear [[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]], before deleting things and writing on topic you don't know about, please at least read [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#page-22 this], [https://superuser.com/questions/17464/difference-between-ctrlrefresh-and-ctrlshiftrefresh this] and {{w|Elasticity_(cloud_computing)#Example|this}}.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141802</id>
		<title>1854: Refresh Types</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141802"/>
				<updated>2017-06-24T01:56:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: Undo revision 141791 by Dgbrt (talk) Sir, *you* are writing nonsense. More in talk section.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1854&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = June 23, 2017&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Refresh Types&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = refresh_types.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = The hardest refresh requires both a Mac keyboard and a Windows keyboard as a security measure, like how missile launch systems require two keys to be turned at once.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
In this comic [[Randall]] presents five different levels of refresh operations for web applications. The first three (''soft refresh'', ''normal refresh'', and ''hard refresh'') are common operations to keep the content in the browser retrieved from the server up to date. The other two (''harder refresh'' and ''hardest refresh'') are fictional operations to perform ''refresh'' operations on remote resources. The terms are probably adopted from {{w|Reboot (computing)|soft}} and {{w|Hardware reset|hard reset}} operations used to restart broken computers or e.g. smartphones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Soft refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Soft refresh'' refers to an operation in a web page that requests new information without reloading the entire page. The given example, {{w|Gmail}}, includes a feature that allows users to poll new emails and show it in the inbox interface. It is a command using {{w|JavaScript}} and {{w|Ajax (programming)|Ajax}} to load new contents from the server in the background and only updating necessary components of the page. Since modern web applications doing this also automatically in short time intervals those buttons are mostly needless. In Gmail a user will see a new message instantly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Normal refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
The ''normal refresh'' is a browser operation that reloads the complete web page, text and other content that has changed since the original load will be updated. The operation can be triggered by refresh buttons in browsers, though it also can be requested using the common keyboard commands as listed by Randall. Many pages -- like the main page at xkcd.com -- don't have a refresh button, but pressing the F5-key after a new comic is released is will be shown in the browser.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hard refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard refresh is a less common browser operation that clears any cached files associated with the page before requesting a new copy. Browser caching is a way to store webpage resources locally in order to decrease load time and data transmitted. Hard refreshes are usually used when a webapp has changed in such a way that the cached data is interfering with the proper display of the page. A hard refresh is slower because it forces the browser to download the entire page, but it ensures that the page is displayed as it is currently being served.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, hard refresh HTTP request contains special headers (associated metadata) that command all intermediate proxy servers to drop their caches too. These headers can be seen by end application running on the web server, that can choose to reload some data from database and redo some long-running calculations in this case, even though this is not mandated by HTTP standard. In {{w|Orchestration (computing)|orchestrated}} environment it may indirectly cause some virtual machines to be rebooted. Rebooting actual physical server upon web page hard refresh is of course not normal, but additional processing may trigger some hardware or operating system bug that will cause exactly this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Harder refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Harder refresh'' is a joke that extends the existing naming scheme. The joke is that if a ''hard refresh'' resets the browser display and cache, a ''harder refresh'' should reset the source of the data by cycling power in the data center. Assuming no damage was done, this would reset the memory on the server, erasing any information that had not been written to disk, and setting the server to the state it was in at launch. This would cause considerable downtime, and would be unlikely to help the user at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ''harder refresh'' uses six keys, including the non-standard '[https://askubuntu.com/questions/19558/what-are-the-meta-super-and-hyper-keys HYPER]' key, a feature of the {{w|Space cadet keyboard}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hardest refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
The fifth option, ''hardest refresh'', moves beyond resetting the source of the data and resets the entire internet back to {{w|ARPANET}}, an early military network which was a forerunner to the modern internet. The implications of this are not made clear, but it should be noted that it wouldn't help to fix any problems a user is experiencing in-browser, as {{w|HTTP}}, the protocol by which web pages are sent, was not developed until late 1990, the year ARPANET was decommissioned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ''hardest refresh'' shortcut uses fifteen keys, including non-standard ones such as Ø and ⏏. (The latter is the &amp;quot;eject&amp;quot; key found on [older?] Mac keyboards.) The shortcut makes amusing comparisons about a shortcut that includes not only the F5 function key, but also the keys for the letter &amp;quot;F&amp;quot; and the digit &amp;quot;5&amp;quot;, as well as the similarity in appearance between O, 0, and Ø.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text suggests that the inclusion of both the {{w|Windows key}} and {{w|Command key}} in the ''hardest refresh'' shortcut is a security measure akin to the {{w|Two-man rule}}, as it would require two keyboards to enter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon. No table is the preferred version, just describe what's in the picture including the special keys.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:{| class=wikitable&lt;br /&gt;
! Refresh Type&lt;br /&gt;
! Example Shortcuts&lt;br /&gt;
! Effect&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Soft Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| Gmail &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid black&amp;quot;&amp;gt;REFRESH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; Button &lt;br /&gt;
| Requests update within JavaScript&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Normal Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| F5, CTRL-R,  &amp;amp;#x2318;R&lt;br /&gt;
 |Refreshes page&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hard Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-F5, CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;,  &amp;amp;#x2318;&amp;amp;#x21E7;R &lt;br /&gt;
| Refreshes page including cached files&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Harder Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;-HYPER-ESC-R-F5 &lt;br /&gt;
| Remotely cycles power to datacenter&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hardest Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-&amp;amp;#x2318;&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;Windows key logo&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x229E;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x21E7;#-R-F5-F-5-ESC-O-0-Ø-&amp;amp;#x23CF;-SCROLL LOCK &lt;br /&gt;
| Internet starts over from ARPANET&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internet]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141774</id>
		<title>1854: Refresh Types</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141774"/>
				<updated>2017-06-23T19:55:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: /* Hard refresh */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1854&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = June 23, 2017&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Refresh Types&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = refresh_types.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = The hardest refresh requires both a Mac keyboard and a Windows keyboard as a security measure, like how missile launch systems require two keys to be turned at once.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|This is chaos - multiple explanations should be merged and condensed. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Comic lists five different levels of refresh operations for web applications. The first three (soft, normal, and hard refresh) are different operations done in the browser to request that information be retrieved from the server. The other two (harder and hardest refresh) are further, imaginary operations that perform &amp;quot;refresh&amp;quot; operations on remote resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Soft refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soft refresh refers to an operation in a web page that requests new information without reloading the page. The given example, Gmail, includes a feature that allows users to pull down new emails without reloading the inbox interface. It is a command given to the web page, rather than to the browser.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Normal refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;normal refresh&amp;quot; is a browser operation that reloads portions of a web page that have changed since the original load. It is the refresh operation triggered by refresh buttons in browsers, and will generally accomplish the same thing as a soft refresh, with the additional cost of reloading the web page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hard refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard refresh is a less common browser operation that clears any cached files associated with the page before requesting a new copy. Browser caching is a way to store webpage resources locally in order to decrease load time and data transmitted. Hard refreshes are usually used when a webapp has changed in such a way that the cached data is interfering with the proper display of the page. A hard refresh is slower because it forces the browser to download the entire page, but it ensures that the page is displayed as it is currently being served.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Interestingly, hard refresh HTTP request contains special headers (associated metadata) that command all intermediate proxy servers to drop their caches too. These headers can be seen by end application running on the web server, that can choose to reload some data from database and redo some long-running calculations in this case, even though this is not mandated by HTTP standard. In {{w|Orchestration (computing)|orchestrated}} environment it may indirectly cause some virtual machines to be rebooted. Rebooting actual physical server upon web page hard refresh is of course not normal, but additional processing may trigger some hardware or operating system bug that will cause exactly this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Harder refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Harder refresh&amp;quot; is a joke that extends the existing naming scheme. The joke is that if a &amp;quot;hard refresh&amp;quot; resets the browser display and cache, a harder refresh should reset the source of the data by cycling power in the data center. Assuming no damage was done, this would reset the memory on the server, erasing any information that had not been written to disk, and setting the server to the state it was in at launch. This would cause considerable downtime, and would be unlikely to help the user at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hardest refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fifth option, &amp;quot;hardest refresh&amp;quot;, moves beyond resetting the source of the data and resets the entire internet back to {{w|ARPANET}}, an early military network which was a forerunner to the modern internet. The implications of this are not made clear, but it should be noted that it wouldn't help to fix any problems a user is experiencing in-browser, as {{w|HTTP}}, the protocol by which web pages are sent, was not developed until late 1990, the year ARPANET was decommissioned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Keyboard shortcuts listed for the three real actions are, in fact, standard shortcuts. shortcuts tend to be longer and more complicated for less common operations, and the fake shortcuts play to this idea. The &amp;quot;harder refresh&amp;quot; uses six keys, including the non-standard '[https://askubuntu.com/questions/19558/what-are-the-meta-super-and-hyper-keys HYPER]' key, a feature of the {{w|Space cadet keyboard}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;hardest refresh&amp;quot; shortcut uses fifteen keys, including non-standard ones such as Ø and ⏏. (The latter is the &amp;quot;eject&amp;quot; key found on [older?] Mac keyboards.) The shortcut makes amusing comparisons about a shortcut that includes not only the F5 function key, but also the keys for the letter &amp;quot;F&amp;quot; and the digit &amp;quot;5&amp;quot;, as well as the similarity in appearance between O, 0, and Ø.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text suggests that the inclusion of both the windows key and command key in the &amp;quot;Hardest refresh&amp;quot; shortcut is a security measure akin to the {{w|Two-man rule}}, as it would require two keyboards to enter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon. No table is the preferred version, just describe what's in the picture including the special keys.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:{| class=wikitable&lt;br /&gt;
! Refresh Type&lt;br /&gt;
! Example Shortcuts&lt;br /&gt;
! Effect&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Soft Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| Gmail &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid black&amp;quot;&amp;gt;REFRESH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; Button &lt;br /&gt;
| Requests update within Javascript&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Normal Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| F5, CTRL-R,  &amp;amp;#x2318;-R&lt;br /&gt;
 |Refreshes page&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hard Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-F5, CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;,  &amp;amp;#x2318;-&amp;amp;#x21E7;-R &lt;br /&gt;
| Refreshes page including cached files&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Harder Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;-HYPER-ESC-R-F5 &lt;br /&gt;
| Remotely cycles power to datacenter&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hardest Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
|CTRL- &amp;amp;#x2318;&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;Windows key logo&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x229E;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x21E7;#-R-F5-F-5-ESC-O-0-Ø-&amp;amp;#x23CF;-SCROLL LOCK &lt;br /&gt;
|Internet starts over from Arpanet&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internet]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141771</id>
		<title>1854: Refresh Types</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1854:_Refresh_Types&amp;diff=141771"/>
				<updated>2017-06-23T19:13:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1854&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = June 23, 2017&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Refresh Types&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = refresh_types.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = The hardest refresh requires both a Mac keyboard and a Windows keyboard as a security measure, like how missile launch systems require two keys to be turned at once.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|This is chaos - multiple explanations should be merged and condensed. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Comic lists five different levels of refresh operations for web applications. The first three (soft, normal, and hard refresh) are different operations done in the browser to request that information be retrieved from the server. The other two (harder and hardest refresh) are further, imaginary operations that perform &amp;quot;refresh&amp;quot; operations on remote resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Soft refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soft refresh refers to an operation in a web page that requests new information without reloading the page. The given example, Gmail, includes a feature that allows users to pull down new emails without reloading the inbox interface. It is a command given to the web page, rather than to the browser.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Normal refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;normal refresh&amp;quot; is a browser operation that reloads portions of a web page that have changed since the original load. It is the refresh operation triggered by refresh buttons in browsers, and will generally accomplish the same thing as a soft refresh, with the additional cost of reloading the web page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hard refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hard refresh is a less common browser operation that clears any cached files associated with the page before requesting a new copy. Browser caching is a way to store webpage resources locally in order to decrease load time and data transmitted. Hard refreshes are usually used when a webapp has changed in such a way that the cached data is interfering with the proper display of the page. A hard refresh is slower because it forces the browser to download the entire page, but it ensures that the page is displayed as it is currently being served.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Harder refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Harder refresh&amp;quot; is a joke that extends the existing naming scheme. The joke is that if a &amp;quot;hard refresh&amp;quot; resets the browser display and cache, a harder refresh should reset the source of the data by cycling power in the data center. Assuming no damage was done, this would reset the memory on the server, erasing any information that had not been written to disk, and setting the server to the state it was in at launch. This would cause considerable downtime, and would be unlikely to help the user at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Hardest refresh ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fifth option, &amp;quot;hardest refresh&amp;quot;, moves beyond resetting the source of the data and resets the entire internet back to ARPANET, an early military network which was a forerunner to the modern internet. The implications of this are not made clear, but it should be noted that it wouldn't help to fix any problems a user is experiencing in-browser, as HTTP, the protocol by which web pages are sent, was not developed until late 1990, the year ARPANET was decommissioned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Keyboard shortcuts listed for the three real actions are, in fact, standard shortcuts. shortcuts tend to be longer and more complicated for less common operations, and the fake shortcuts play to this idea. The &amp;quot;harder refresh&amp;quot; uses six keys, including the non-standard '[https://askubuntu.com/questions/19558/what-are-the-meta-super-and-hyper-keys HYPER]' key, a feature of the {{w|Space cadet keyboard}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;hardest refresh&amp;quot; shortcut uses fifteen keys, including non-standard ones such as Ø and ⏏. (The latter is the &amp;quot;eject&amp;quot; key found on [older?] Mac keyboards.) The shortcut makes amusing comparisons about a shortcut that includes not only the F5 function key, but also the keys for the letter &amp;quot;F&amp;quot; and the digit &amp;quot;5&amp;quot;, as well as the similarity in appearance between O, 0, and Ø.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text suggests that the inclusion of both the windows key and command key in the &amp;quot;Hardest refresh&amp;quot; shortcut is a security measure akin to the {{w|Two-man rule}}, as it would require two keyboards to enter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon. No table is the preferred version, just describe what's in the picture including the special keys.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:{| class=wikitable&lt;br /&gt;
! Refresh Type&lt;br /&gt;
! Example Shortcuts&lt;br /&gt;
! Effect&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Soft Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| Gmail &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid black&amp;quot;&amp;gt;REFRESH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; Button &lt;br /&gt;
| Requests update within Javascript&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Normal Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| F5, CTRL-R,  &amp;amp;#x2318;-R&lt;br /&gt;
 |Refreshes page&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hard Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-F5, CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;,  &amp;amp;#x2318;-&amp;amp;#x21E7;-R &lt;br /&gt;
| Refreshes page including cached files&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Harder Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
| CTRL-&amp;amp;#x21E7;-HYPER-ESC-R-F5 &lt;br /&gt;
| Remotely cycles power to datacenter&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hardest Refresh &lt;br /&gt;
|CTRL- &amp;amp;#x2318;&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;Windows key logo&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x229E;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#x21E7;#-R-F5-F-5-ESC-O-0-Ø-&amp;amp;#x23CF;-SCROLL LOCK &lt;br /&gt;
|Internet starts over from Arpanet&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internet]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1816:_Mispronunciation&amp;diff=138052</id>
		<title>Talk:1816: Mispronunciation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1816:_Mispronunciation&amp;diff=138052"/>
				<updated>2017-03-29T17:19:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;162.158.90.12: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Epitome is an interesting one for me, since I read it phonetically (same as Randal's example), and didn't figure out that &amp;quot;e-pi-tō-mē&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;eppy-tome&amp;quot; were the same word until mid to late teens. I still have to stop myself from reading it wrong when I see it on the page... [[User:Andyd273|Andyd273]] ([[User talk:Andyd273|talk]]) 15:21, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think there's another level beyond the obvious, especially in the title text. You're pronouncing the word 'epitome' in whatever way you always have (inside your head), he's making clear that he's not saying it the way you say it.. so how do you read the comic? The sentence only makes sense if you say it aloud, but you can't because you don't know how he's pronouncing it.[[User:Xseo|Xseo]] ([[User talk:Xseo|talk]]) 16:04, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Rereading the title text I feel like I may have suffered some kind of brain fart when writing this comment. Woops.. [[User:Xseo|Xseo]] ([[User talk:Xseo|talk]]) 11:35, 28 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Related: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitome_of_Hyperbole {{unsigned ip|172.68.54.40}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Shouldn't there be a flap in epitome? --[[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.94|172.68.54.94]] 19:04, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I feel like it's relevant to point out how the mispronunciation of mispronunciation is enhanced by contrasting it with mispronounce, which is the reason that most people mispronounce mispronunciation, due to the unexpected change in how the word is pronounced between the two terms. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.2.10|162.158.2.10]] 20:02, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I agree, someone who can write this into the explanation, someone better at English than me ;-) --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 21:36, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Epi-*Tummy*? Really? Your english-speaking people's latin is so sick. ;-) --[[Special:Contributions/162.158.90.162|162.158.90.162]] 22:07, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Hmm, rather Greek than Latin, no? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.90.12|162.158.90.12]] 17:19, 29 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
 (I mean the close relationship to, say, &amp;quot;epitaph&amp;quot; is obvious, isn't it? Shouldn't they be pronounced similarly?)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There is, however, an argument that misspelled should always be written mispelled since if it isn't mispelled, then it isn't mispelled.&amp;quot; I'm sorry, but someone's going to have to explain that last part to me --[[Special:Contributions/172.68.133.126|172.68.133.126]] 23:06, 27 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I think whoever wrote that was too focused on being clever and missed how to be clear. :) Thus displays nicely WHY Randall has all those quotes to differentiate between when he's using a word and when he's talking about it. It's been fixed now, but... Adding the missing quotes and using synonyms/explanations: &amp;quot;There is, however, an argument that &amp;quot;misspelled&amp;quot; should always be written &amp;quot;mispelled&amp;quot; since if it isn't [spelled incorrectly], then it isn't [being true to the meaning of the word].&amp;quot; - NiceGuy1 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Like most good grammar jokes, explaining it ruins it.  And the English usually write mispelled as &amp;quot;misspelt&amp;quot;.  &amp;quot;Misspelled&amp;quot; is generally viewed as clumsy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/162.158.126.76|162.158.126.76]] 05:48, 29 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Some might argue that misspelled is the one word which should always be misspelled intentionally&amp;quot;. And others might argue that it already is. :-) [[User:Jkshapiro|Jkshapiro]] ([[User talk:Jkshapiro|talk]]) 12:58, 28 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And I guess he has trouble reading the word &amp;quot;dyslexia&amp;quot;? :-) --[[Special:Contributions/162.158.222.100|162.158.222.100]] 15:44, 28 March 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>162.158.90.12</name></author>	</entry>

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