https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=163.116.254.55explain xkcd - User contributions [en]2026-04-15T16:51:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:3163:_Repair_Video&diff=390107Talk:3163: Repair Video2025-11-04T16:00:09Z<p>163.116.254.55: </p>
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Lol [[User:Mathmaster|Mathmaster]] ([[User talk:Mathmaster|talk]]) 23:20, 3 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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I tried to check the explain page for this comic a little while ago and the page hadn’t been made yet :( [[User:Kirinhatchi|Kirinhatchi]] ([[User talk:Kirinhatch|talk]]) 23:32, 3 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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I think Randall speaks for a few billion people with this one. [[Special:Contributions/64.201.132.210|64.201.132.210]] 23:49, 3 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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It feels like this comic is almost a "happy ending" version of https://xkcd.com/979/. [[Special:Contributions/2605:A601:AF4D:DE00:510E:86B:6FA2:356B|2605:A601:AF4D:DE00:510E:86B:6FA2:356B]] 00:27, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
:I agree, it seems like a spiritual continuation. I put that in the explanation though it could definitely be moved/fit into the content more cleanly. [[User:R128|R128]] ([[User talk:R128|talk]]) 00:55, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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> "but [[afterwards]] decide to create instructional videos" -- I see some how-to videos that don't seem to be '''afterward''', but intentional "''What can I post about to get some clicks/eyeballs?''" IAC, YouTube has become my go-to for many problems which should be easier to show than to talk about. But so many newbie videographers work in shadow, or block the key part with their shoulder, or rush the details. --[[User:PRR|PRR]] ([[User talk:PRR|talk]]) 01:07, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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...Scott here! - [[Special:Contributions/24.177.125.170|24.177.125.170]] 03:45, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
:Before we all die, I have to know. Is it “hey all,” or “hey y’all?” [[User:KelOfTheStars!|KelOfTheStars!]] ([[User talk:KelOfTheStars!|talk]]) 04:19, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
:How was the Antarctic? [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 09:24, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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I feel like the explanation is missing an emphasis on the fact that Cueball's problem is entirely trivial (albeit very annoying) and hence farcical to suggest awarding statues for solving it, but it seems like it needs a more significant rework than just an added line, and I don't have the headspace to do it - anyone want to take a run at it? [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 09:27, 4 November 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Ugh, another video that should have been text. I just want to know how to fix whatever it is, I don't need a 2 minute opening, monologue, and "Like and subscribe!" [[Special:Contributions/163.116.254.55|163.116.254.55]] 16:00, 4 November 2025 (UTC)</div>163.116.254.55https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:3161:_Airspeed&diff=389890Talk:3161: Airspeed2025-10-30T14:06:45Z<p>163.116.254.55: </p>
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must be a heated competition [[Special:Contributions/79.78.17.137|79.78.17.137]] 21:34, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:badum-tss! [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 22:17, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: The record has been given an inflated importance. [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 10:58, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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It's actually worth noting that a quick google says that land speed records for hot air balloons are actually fairly fast, wikipedia claiming it clocks in at around 245 mph. Jet streams allow them to go pretty fast! [[Special:Contributions/45.78.106.197|45.78.106.197]] 23:42, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Airspeed is relative to the vehicle, and a balloon has no "front", so a gust in one direction is in theory indistinguishable from a lull in the opposite direction; both will appear as a momentary increase in airspeed until the balloon accelerates (in whichever direction) to match the local air movement. (I say "in theory" because if you consider your gusts and lulls relative to the overall movement of the airmass, it's plausible that one or the other will tend to be sharper.) The "gust that allowed them to coast", and the whole notion of "coasting", isn't really right. A non-zero airspeed means that the balloon hasn't re-stabilized with the local air movement, in whichever direction. In fact, "coasting", defined here as momentarily moving differently from the airmass as a whole, is actually an unlikely source of the 2MPH airspeed, because it requires that the balloon accelerate to match local air movement, before returning to the movement of the airmass as a whole. More likely is a localized change (a gust or lull), that causes the local air to be moving differently from the airmass as a whole, while the balloon is still moving with the airmass. Such a localized change might be present for a very small amount of time, not long enough to appreciably change the balloon's movement. But I'm not feeling like spending enough effort to distill that down into one sentence to update the explanation. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 23:59, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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You don't need a mine shaft to go for the minimum-altitude record, if you're measuring against MSL. Just make sure that your lines and your balloon are really strong, and your basket is really heavy, and your basket is water-tight, and go for {{w|Challenger Deep}}. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 00:21, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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3161 demonstrates a commonly held fallacy - the balloon has NO actual "airspeed" because it moves passively with the surrounding air mass; it has no method for generating lateral force on its own, to either vector add/subtract airspeed from the moving wind surrounding it. The balloon is never actually being "blown". This isn't just semantics - it has real relevance to powered aircraft flight. 01:38, 30 October 2025 (UTC)Aviator Joe, CFII<br />
:Sure it does, transiently. It just can't cause itself to have a non-zero airspeed. An abrupt change in the movement of the local air - a gust, horizontal wind shear - would register as a non-zero airspeed, until either the local air goes back to matching the overall airmass (and the balloon), or the balloon accelerates (via drag) to match that moving air. Consider: you're cruising along in your airplane at an indicated airspeed of 100kt, and you get a 10kt gust from the front. Your airspeed indicator momentarily jumps to 110kt until the airplane restabilizes at an IAS of 100kt again, and then when the gust goes away the reverse happens; your IAS drops to 90kt for a while, then returns to 100kt. The exact same thing can happen in a balloon, except that the base IAS is zero - the balloon that you were passing as the gust hit you sees an IAS of 10kt as the gust hits it, then zero as it restabilizes, then 10kt in the opposite direction as the gust fades, then zero again. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 02:42, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Ah, but that is IAS. IAS increase in the situation you describe is an artifact of the measurement - transient increase in ram pressure on the Pitot tube. The actual airspeed of the balloon is zero (or close, if you neglect inertia/drag). I refer you to Chapter 5 of of "Stick and Rudder"<br />
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Actually, there can be significant wind shear near the earth. If the basket is only a few feet above the ground, you can feel substantial “wind” because the ballioon, being higher up, is being pushed by a faster wind and dragging the basket through the lower, slower, air. If you mount your airspeed indicator on the basket, you can have a significant ‘speed’ relative to the air through which you’re being dragged. When I experienced this the first times, I said, “what the?” The pilot politely explained…… {{unsigned ip|73.162.95.226|03:18, 30 October 2025 (UTC)}}<br />
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Couldn't one just break this air speed record by tying the balloon to the ground? --[[Special:Contributions/2001:638:807:507:4EB7:9F4B:6CF9:57A1|2001:638:807:507:4EB7:9F4B:6CF9:57A1]] 07:50, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: Split the record into positive and negative value records? [[Special:Contributions/2A02:2455:1960:4000:E0C5:65BB:8741:E289|2A02:2455:1960:4000:E0C5:65BB:8741:E289]] 07:56, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:: A balloon doesn't really have a front/back, so there's not really a positive or negative airspeed. [[Special:Contributions/163.116.254.55|163.116.254.55]] 14:06, 30 October 2025 (UTC)</div>163.116.254.55https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:3161:_Airspeed&diff=389889Talk:3161: Airspeed2025-10-30T14:06:23Z<p>163.116.254.55: </p>
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must be a heated competition [[Special:Contributions/79.78.17.137|79.78.17.137]] 21:34, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:badum-tss! [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 22:17, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: The record has been given an inflated importance. [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 10:58, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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It's actually worth noting that a quick google says that land speed records for hot air balloons are actually fairly fast, wikipedia claiming it clocks in at around 245 mph. Jet streams allow them to go pretty fast! [[Special:Contributions/45.78.106.197|45.78.106.197]] 23:42, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Airspeed is relative to the vehicle, and a balloon has no "front", so a gust in one direction is in theory indistinguishable from a lull in the opposite direction; both will appear as a momentary increase in airspeed until the balloon accelerates (in whichever direction) to match the local air movement. (I say "in theory" because if you consider your gusts and lulls relative to the overall movement of the airmass, it's plausible that one or the other will tend to be sharper.) The "gust that allowed them to coast", and the whole notion of "coasting", isn't really right. A non-zero airspeed means that the balloon hasn't re-stabilized with the local air movement, in whichever direction. In fact, "coasting", defined here as momentarily moving differently from the airmass as a whole, is actually an unlikely source of the 2MPH airspeed, because it requires that the balloon accelerate to match local air movement, before returning to the movement of the airmass as a whole. More likely is a localized change (a gust or lull), that causes the local air to be moving differently from the airmass as a whole, while the balloon is still moving with the airmass. Such a localized change might be present for a very small amount of time, not long enough to appreciably change the balloon's movement. But I'm not feeling like spending enough effort to distill that down into one sentence to update the explanation. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 23:59, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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You don't need a mine shaft to go for the minimum-altitude record, if you're measuring against MSL. Just make sure that your lines and your balloon are really strong, and your basket is really heavy, and your basket is water-tight, and go for {{w|Challenger Deep}}. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 00:21, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
<br />
3161 demonstrates a commonly held fallacy - the balloon has NO actual "airspeed" because it moves passively with the surrounding air mass; it has no method for generating lateral force on its own, to either vector add/subtract airspeed from the moving wind surrounding it. The balloon is never actually being "blown". This isn't just semantics - it has real relevance to powered aircraft flight. 01:38, 30 October 2025 (UTC)Aviator Joe, CFII<br />
:Sure it does, transiently. It just can't cause itself to have a non-zero airspeed. An abrupt change in the movement of the local air - a gust, horizontal wind shear - would register as a non-zero airspeed, until either the local air goes back to matching the overall airmass (and the balloon), or the balloon accelerates (via drag) to match that moving air. Consider: you're cruising along in your airplane at an indicated airspeed of 100kt, and you get a 10kt gust from the front. Your airspeed indicator momentarily jumps to 110kt until the airplane restabilizes at an IAS of 100kt again, and then when the gust goes away the reverse happens; your IAS drops to 90kt for a while, then returns to 100kt. The exact same thing can happen in a balloon, except that the base IAS is zero - the balloon that you were passing as the gust hit you sees an IAS of 10kt as the gust hits it, then zero as it restabilizes, then 10kt in the opposite direction as the gust fades, then zero again. [[User:Jordan Brown|Jordan Brown]] ([[User talk:Jordan Brown|talk]]) 02:42, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Ah, but that is IAS. IAS increase in the situation you describe is an artifact of the measurement - transient increase in ram pressure on the Pitot tube. The actual airspeed of the balloon is zero (or close, if you neglect inertia/drag). I refer you to Chapter 5 of of "Stick and Rudder"<br />
<br />
Actually, there can be significant wind shear near the earth. If the basket is only a few feet above the ground, you can feel substantial “wind” because the ballioon, being higher up, is being pushed by a faster wind and dragging the basket through the lower, slower, air. If you mount your airspeed indicator on the basket, you can have a significant ‘speed’ relative to the air through which you’re being dragged. When I experienced this the first times, I said, “what the?” The pilot politely explained…… {{unsigned ip|73.162.95.226|03:18, 30 October 2025 (UTC)}}<br />
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Couldn't one just break this air speed record by tying the balloon to the ground? --[[Special:Contributions/2001:638:807:507:4EB7:9F4B:6CF9:57A1|2001:638:807:507:4EB7:9F4B:6CF9:57A1]] 07:50, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: Split the record into positive and negative value records? [[Special:Contributions/2A02:2455:1960:4000:E0C5:65BB:8741:E289|2A02:2455:1960:4000:E0C5:65BB:8741:E289]] 07:56, 30 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:: A balloon doesn't really have a front/back, so there's not really a positive or negative airspeed.</div>163.116.254.55https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:3160:_Document_Forgery&diff=389800Talk:3160: Document Forgery2025-10-29T17:47:00Z<p>163.116.254.55: </p>
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Can someone please make a printable version of this, thank you! [[Special:Contributions/216.126.34.139|216.126.34.139]] 21:26, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Reminds me of [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c70650ely2eo the infamous fake certificate with "verify" spelt wrong]... [[Special:Contributions/2.98.65.8|2.98.65.8]] 21:47, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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It seems like my summary got added on top of the other one somehow. I don't know if anyone wants to try to merge them... [[Special:Contributions/136.47.216.1|136.47.216.1]] 22:04, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Here are some famous state university that do not have the state in their name: Kent State U., Adams State U., Athens State U., Jacksonville State U.. More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_universities_in_the_United_States --[[Special:Contributions/2001:638:807:507:A761:A61B:43F:6CF1|2001:638:807:507:A761:A61B:43F:6CF1]] 07:59, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:I'll add that in. --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 13:09, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
::Now you've got me looking for "State" universities that aren't named for geography. Adams State in Colorado is named for a state legislator. Henderson State in Arkansas is named for a local businessman. Gordon State in Georgia is named for a Confederate general. Lewis-Clark State in Idaho, for the explorers. Governors State in Illinois seems to be named after the office, not a specific office-holder. Ball State in Indiana is named after the founders of the company that makes those glass jars you pickle things in. McNeese State in Louisiana is named after a local educator. Nicholls State, also in Louisiana, is named for a former governor. Morgan State in Maryland is named after a reverend. Coppin State, also in Maryland, is named for a pioneer in teachers' education. Ferris State in Michigan is named for its founder. Alcorn State in Mississippi was named for the governor. Harris-Stowe State in Missouri was named for a superintendent of schools and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Truman State in Missouri was named for the US president. Thomas Edison State in New Jersey after the inventor. Shawnee State in Ohio is named for the Native American people. Wright State in Ohio is named for the Wright Brothers. Austin Peay in Tennessee for the governor. Stephen F. Austin State in Texas after the "Father of Texas". Tarleton State in Texas after a rancher. Sam Houston State in Texas after the general. Lamar State in Texas after the president of the Republic of Texas. That's all from the Wiki page, excluding things named after states/cities/counties, state nicknames, and other geographic features. [[Special:Contributions/163.116.254.55|163.116.254.55]] 17:47, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Feels like a similar theme to [[2756: Qualifications]]. [[User:KelOfTheStars!|KelOfTheStars!]] ([[User talk:KelOfTheStars!|talk]]) 14:40, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:And [[ibm_hc_2]]. Maybe we should make a 'forgery' category. --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 14:45, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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If Randall really wanted that pun, might he not have made the degree in Document Doctoring? [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 14:57, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:'Doctoring' implies taking something that means something and (fraudulently) changing it. 'Forging' more definitely includes conjouring it up from just base materials.<br />
:Though I'm not convinced it's intended to ezsentially be a "doctorate of doctoring" (in the non-medical sense), I ''could'' see it being an oblique related-pun as suggested, or at least noteworthy that there's a happy unanticipated coincidence spotted by us. [[Special:Contributions/82.132.237.69|82.132.237.69]] 15:36, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Is "Philosophy" a catch-all in the USA? Since doctoring a document looks more like an engineering/physics thing to me. [[Special:Contributions/2A02:2455:1960:4000:2146:6F26:4294:2A6A|2A02:2455:1960:4000:2146:6F26:4294:2A6A]] 08:12, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: In both the UK and the USA, Doctor of Philosophy is a thing across the whole range of academic subjects. The term 'Philosophy' doesn't refer to the narrow sense in which it's mostly used today, but its original sense of wisdom / love of knowledge (the sense in which 'Natural Philosophy' used to be used to refer to the natural sciences). In any case, though, forgery clearly belongs within the Art department. [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 09:52, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
::Huh. So PhD is actually short for 'Philosophy Doctor'? Cool! --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 14:02, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:::Technically it's short for ''Philosophiae Doctor'', as opposed to ''Medicinae Doctor'' ('''M.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Medicine) and ''Juris Doctor'' ('''J.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Jurisprudence/Law) or ''Legum Doctor'' ('''LL.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Laws). [[User:DL Draco Rex|DL Draco Rex]] ([[User talk:DL Draco Rex|talk]]) 17:10, 29 October 2025 (UTC)</div>163.116.254.55https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:3160:_Document_Forgery&diff=389798Talk:3160: Document Forgery2025-10-29T17:46:48Z<p>163.116.254.55: </p>
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Can someone please make a printable version of this, thank you! [[Special:Contributions/216.126.34.139|216.126.34.139]] 21:26, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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Reminds me of [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c70650ely2eo the infamous fake certificate with "verify" spelt wrong]... [[Special:Contributions/2.98.65.8|2.98.65.8]] 21:47, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
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It seems like my summary got added on top of the other one somehow. I don't know if anyone wants to try to merge them... [[Special:Contributions/136.47.216.1|136.47.216.1]] 22:04, 27 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Here are some famous state university that do not have the state in their name: Kent State U., Adams State U., Athens State U., Jacksonville State U.. More on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_universities_in_the_United_States --[[Special:Contributions/2001:638:807:507:A761:A61B:43F:6CF1|2001:638:807:507:A761:A61B:43F:6CF1]] 07:59, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:I'll add that in. --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 13:09, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
::Now you've got me looking for "State" universities that aren't named for geography. Adams State in Colorado is named for a state legislator. Henderson State in Arkansas is named for a local businessman. Gordon State in Georgia is named for a Confederate general. Lewis-Clark State in Idaho, for the explorers. Governors State in Illinois seems to be named after the office, not a specific office-holder. Ball State in Indiana is named after the founders of the company that makes those glass jars you pickle things in. McNeese State in Louisiana is named after a local educator. Nicholls State, also in Louisiana, is named for a former governor. Morgan State in Maryland is named after a reverend. Coppin State, also in Maryland, is named for a pioneer in teachers' education. Ferris State in Michigan is named for its founder. Alcorn State in Mississippi was named for the governor. Harris-Stowe State in Missouri was named for a superintendent of schools and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Truman State in Missouri was named for the US president. Thomas Edison State in New Jersey after the inventor. Shawnee State in Ohio is named for the Native American people. Wright State in Ohio is named for the Wright Brothers. Austin Peay in Tennessee for the governor. Stephen F. Austin State in Texas after the "Father of Texas". Tarleton State in Texas after a rancher. Sam Houston State in Texas after the general. Lamar State in Texas after the president of the Republic of Texas. That's all from the Wiki page, excluding things named after states/cities/counties, state nicknames, and other geographic features.<br />
<br />
Feels like a similar theme to [[2756: Qualifications]]. [[User:KelOfTheStars!|KelOfTheStars!]] ([[User talk:KelOfTheStars!|talk]]) 14:40, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:And [[ibm_hc_2]]. Maybe we should make a 'forgery' category. --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 14:45, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
<br />
If Randall really wanted that pun, might he not have made the degree in Document Doctoring? [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 14:57, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:'Doctoring' implies taking something that means something and (fraudulently) changing it. 'Forging' more definitely includes conjouring it up from just base materials.<br />
:Though I'm not convinced it's intended to ezsentially be a "doctorate of doctoring" (in the non-medical sense), I ''could'' see it being an oblique related-pun as suggested, or at least noteworthy that there's a happy unanticipated coincidence spotted by us. [[Special:Contributions/82.132.237.69|82.132.237.69]] 15:36, 28 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Is "Philosophy" a catch-all in the USA? Since doctoring a document looks more like an engineering/physics thing to me. [[Special:Contributions/2A02:2455:1960:4000:2146:6F26:4294:2A6A|2A02:2455:1960:4000:2146:6F26:4294:2A6A]] 08:12, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
: In both the UK and the USA, Doctor of Philosophy is a thing across the whole range of academic subjects. The term 'Philosophy' doesn't refer to the narrow sense in which it's mostly used today, but its original sense of wisdom / love of knowledge (the sense in which 'Natural Philosophy' used to be used to refer to the natural sciences). In any case, though, forgery clearly belongs within the Art department. [[Special:Contributions/82.13.184.33|82.13.184.33]] 09:52, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
::Huh. So PhD is actually short for 'Philosophy Doctor'? Cool! --'''''[[User:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#023020">DollarStoreBa'al</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:DollarStoreBa'al|<span style="color:#000080">converse</span>]]</sup> 14:02, 29 October 2025 (UTC)<br />
:::Technically it's short for ''Philosophiae Doctor'', as opposed to ''Medicinae Doctor'' ('''M.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Medicine) and ''Juris Doctor'' ('''J.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Jurisprudence/Law) or ''Legum Doctor'' ('''LL.D.''' i.e. Doctor of Laws). [[User:DL Draco Rex|DL Draco Rex]] ([[User talk:DL Draco Rex|talk]]) 17:10, 29 October 2025 (UTC)</div>163.116.254.55