https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=172.68.132.155explain xkcd - User contributions [en]2026-06-24T07:13:57ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2405:_Flash_Gatsby&diff=203893Talk:2405: Flash Gatsby2020-12-31T13:34:09Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
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<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
I think this link should be referenced (and something added about how the copyright for this particular work is specifically extended), but not sure how to : https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/595567/why-the-great-gatsby-isnt-public-domain#:~:text=Copyright%20laws%20in%20America%20are,domain%20until%20January%201%2C%202021.&text=In%201976%2C%20Congress%20passed%20the,revised%20copyright%20laws%20from%201909. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.62.121|162.158.62.121]] 02:30, 31 December 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I have one day to figure out how to do this in real life. Anybody have some tips?<br />
[[User:HostnameNotCaroline|HostnameNotCaroline]] ([[User talk:HostnameNotCaroline|talk]]) 12:49, 31 December 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I do have tips for a plan, though I don't have a full-fledged plan. Presenting the book, sourcing the book, and fixing problems after publishing are all going to be separate steps. Keep in mind that it is ''only'' the text of the book that is copyright free, don't go taking something from the movie. I also don't know if later versions and revisions are covered or not- or if there were any. (What about forewords? They might be covered by copyright still.) I also recommend uploading it to a site that supports updating-in-place so that you can publish the new version without destroying all links to it. <br />
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Here's how I imagine it. You load the book and are faced with an introduction on what it is. Then the reader is either ploped into the start of the book with a table of contents accessible somewhere or into the table of contents directly. There needs to be some way of moving to a particular page or chapter without crowdsourced guesswork or a thousand clicks/page-swipes. You're going to want to format chapter starts (and titles if applicable). Give the chapters clear spacing and centered headers as a book would. Don't forget about how the text will be presented. It needs to be legible, people won't want to use it if it's not. If you can't vary the size, font, and color I recommend a 12pt-20pt serif font that's black on white. Honestly though, I think that the quality of the presentation itself will be what people judge your work by. That's kind of what separates publishers when multiple people publish the same work.<br />
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I hope at least some of that was applicable. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 13:34, 31 December 2020 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2394:_Contiguous_41_States&diff=2036772394: Contiguous 41 States2020-12-24T15:07:57Z<p>172.68.132.155: Undo revision 203675 by Vroo (talk)</p>
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<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2394<br />
| date = December 4, 2020<br />
| title = Contiguous 41 States<br />
| image = contiguous_41_states.png<br />
| titletext = Linguists, settling some inscrutable grudge, have been steadily sneaking more backdated synonyms for 'sharing borders' into the dictionary. They've added 'contiguous,' 'coterminous,' 'conterminous,' and next year they're adding 'conterguous.'<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
The United States of America is composed of {{w|List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States|50}} states, {{w|Contiguous United States|48 of which are contiguous}} – meaning they share common borders. Two states are separated from the other 48 states, {{w|Alaska}} and {{w|Hawaii}}. Alaska, purchased from Russia in 1867, is separated from the rest of the United States by the country of Canada<sup>&#91;[[2082: Mercator Projection|''citation needed'']]&#93;</sup>. Hawaii, annexed in 1898, is a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. As these states are not ''contiguous'' to the rest of the 48 states, they may be omitted from maps of the United States. Typically, these 2 states are included in inset maps, separate sections usually placed at the bottom of the main map.<br />
<br />
The United States also includes 5 permanently inhabited territories (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa), which are not contiguous with states. Puerto Rico {{w|2020_Puerto_Rican_status_referendum|may become a state}}. The District of Columbia is not ({{w|Statehood_movement_in_the_District_of_Columbia|yet}}) a state, but is contiguous with the states.<br />
<br />
The map in this comic is "Alaska and Hawaii's revenge", with seven additional states removed: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Most of these are accomplished by eliminating a column of states: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. Oklahoma and Texas, which are directly south of these, are slid over to the west into the space freed up by deleting New Mexico. The other two deleted states are Pennsylvania and Delaware, with the states to their south and north slid/extended to fill the gap.<br />
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The map is also missing {{w|Isle Royale}}, Michigan, the third-largest island in the contiguous U.S. This seems to be a legitimate oversight, as the map includes numerous smaller islands in detail, including Michigan's Beaver Island and North Manitou Island. Even the non-contiguous {{w|Northwest Angle}} of Minnesota is depicted. (The {{w|Eastern Shore of Virginia}}, which is not connected to the rest of Virginia and only borders Maryland, is also not shown—presumably to make way for New Jersey replacing much of the {{w|Delmarva Peninsula}}).<br />
<br />
The United States did have exactly 41 states for a few days in 1889, from the admission of Montana, the 41st state, on November 8, to the admission of Washington (the state, not DC), the 42nd state, on November 11. However, it was not the same 41 as shown here; for example, Pennsylvania and Delaware were two of the original 13 states (Delaware calls itself the first state, based on date of ratification of the Constitution) and Arizona and Oklahoma did not become states until the early 1900s.<br />
<br />
The title text riffs on synonyms for "shared borders", which, according to Randall, linguists are inventing more of (while claiming they already existed) to make life more complicated for modern English users, for obscure reasons. <br />
<br />
In fact, 'contiguous', 'coterminous', and 'conterminous' all date from early modern English, early-to-mid 17th century (just after the time of Shakespeare). 'Coterminous' and 'conterminous' are alternate spellings from the same Latin root ('cum' + 'terminus'), whereas 'contiguous' is from a different root (Latin 'contiguus'). Randall, facetiously, accuses linguists of having fabricated this history.<br />
<br />
'Conterguous' is a neologism by Randall, though he blames it on linguists, consistent with his claim that they made up all the others. It is a portmanteau of 'CONTERminous' and 'contiGUOUS'. It is etymologically absurd (the prefix 'conter-' is meaningless). Its 'top-down' introduction into the language would simply be for the purpose of messing with people's minds, as Randall suggests. However, should the word catch on with English speakers, perhaps precisely because it is a joke, its 'bottom-up' entry into the language is certainly possible. One could then argue just how much Randall would have to answer for.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Heading above the panel:]<br />
:The Contiguous 41 States<br />
<br />
:[A map of the United States, missing Delaware, Kansas, New Mexico, Nebraska, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota, along with Alaska and Hawaii.]<br />
<br />
:[Caption below the panel:]<br />
:Tired of being left off maps of the US, Alaska and Hawaii begin producing maps with ''other'' states missing, too.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Maps]]<br />
[[Category:Language]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2385:_Final_Exam&diff=203518Talk:2385: Final Exam2020-12-19T00:24:17Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
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<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
Perhaps add a note about how multiple people trying to achieve the same goal would be impossible, so therefore it would be a test of game theory to see how the final grades end up. You'd want to be the last one to make all the changes. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.107.197|162.158.107.197]] 23:51, 13 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
:It's a contest to hack the grades ''and'' to lock out all of the other students from making further changes. [[User:BunsenH|BunsenH]] ([[User talk:BunsenH|talk]]) 00:49, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
Title text seems to be a reference to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guess_2/3_of_the_average.<br />
[[User:Anonymous3|Anonymous3]] ([[User talk:Anonymous3|talk]]) 01:10, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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The current "change every fifth answer to the bubble below it" explanation appears to make the implausible assumption that the exam is multiple-choice. [[User:BunsenH|BunsenH]] ([[User talk:BunsenH|talk]]) 03:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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Clearly the optimal solution for both courses is to change the grade to be ''out of 0'', thus a score of 0 being a perfect score and also meet the requirements for Game Theory. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.165.54|162.158.165.54]] 03:28, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:great idea! i was considering adding fake students to be statistical extremes but your solution allows all students to ace both courses. [[User:Ocæon|ocæon]] ([[User talk:Ocæon|talk]]) 14:46, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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OMG I want so much to take this class, what an excellent final exam![[Special:Contributions/172.68.65.208|172.68.65.208]] 05:09, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I think the explanation above is largely correct, but I assumed this was a Zoom reference. Since during lockdown the many students she is addressing should be experiencing this through a remote meeting, for which Zoom is often chosen (I'd love an explanation as to why THAT is). Zoom has notorious security flaws which any cybersecurity student should be failed for accepting.<br />
--[[Special:Contributions/162.158.159.96|162.158.159.96]] 05:11, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
:What if they run it in sandboxed virtual machine? -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 20:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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No mention of Bobby Tables? [[User:Gvanrossum|Gvanrossum]] ([[User talk:Gvanrossum|talk]]) 06:29, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
:That was a mom intentionally hacking multiple systems. Not just school, but also population census systems. This is limited to a single test. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.38|141.101.98.38]] 21:08, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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the zero length exam reminds me of 'zero day' exploits, the students have zero time to respond to the exam requirements before the conclusion of the exam. [[User:Ocæon|ocæon]] ([[User talk:Ocæon|talk]]) 14:39, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I feel like Randall missed a golden opportunity for Danish (instead of generic Ponytail) to prof these classes — this seems right up her alley. [[User:TPS|TPS]] ([[User talk:TPS|talk]]) 16:17, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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1) Hack my Cybersecurity grade, 2) Hack the professor's computer to remove the requiring link to the grade in the other course. -Diana<br />
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There is exactly one Nash Equilibria if you set the utility function to be the sum of the cyber security grade and the game theory grade. And it would be to give yourself a 100% in cyber security - Philip Geißler<br />
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This cartoon reminded me of a programming class I took as a Freshman at MIT (Spring 1974) where the first lecture described the way the programming projects were submitted and automatically graded. "Some of you may be considering finding a way to hack the grading program to just give you a good grade. This is an acceptable way to pass this course, since it is our analysis that subverting the grading program in this way demonstrates mastery of the subject matter." OK, I know this isn't a comment about the comic, but I lust felt like tossing it in. And more relevant (possibly) was the fact that being the last semester the course was taught, the final exam questions were all inside computer programming jokes. [[User:MAP|MAP]] ([[User talk:MAP|talk]]) 21:55, 14 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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Given that the grade to be manipulated is only the grade of the final exam of Cybersecurity (and therefore not the grade for the entire class), but the grade that it affects is the grade for the entire Game Theory class, that there is no reason not to collaborate, and that how "closeness" is calculated is unclear, the ideal solution is to set the grade of every Cybersecurity student who is not also a Game Theory student to 100, and set the grade of every Cybersecurity student who is also a Game Theory student to 100(100-a)/(125-a), where a is the percentage of Cybersecurity students who are also Game Theory students. This ensures all Cybersecurity students who are also Game Theory students get a perfect 4.0 GPA in Game Theory while reducing their Cybersecurity score by the smallest possible amount. [[User:DL Draco Rex|DL Draco Rex]] ([[User talk:DL Draco Rex|talk]]) 17:12, 15 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
:There is a factor you haven't accounted for - hacking carries an implicit penalty in the form of effort expended; although I would like to think students will go to any amount of effort to get a good grade, I wonder whether that is realistic. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.124|141.101.98.124]] 15:38, 20 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I just have to say this for fans of the Dutch comedy show ''Rundfunk'': "ALLEMAAL EEN ONVOLDOENDE!" (Any more Dutch people around?) --[[User:IByte|IByte]] ([[User talk:IByte|talk]]) 13:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I've been thinking that hack all grade at Cibersecurity to 100% or to the minimal approval grade, should get all students approved. Unlike the Guess 2/3 of the average problem, student don't need to hit the mark to be approved, they need only to get close enough. If everyone receives maximum grade in Cybersecurity, the average will be 100% and they will be off the 80% by 20%. Assuming some linearity between the transformations of distance and grade, and that grade cannot be negative. The longest distance from 80% of average would be everybody gets maximum grade, but one who get zero, it would get closer to 80% off, as long we have a lot of students in the class. Assuming 80% off zero grade, and 0% off as maximum, 20% off would get them 75% of maximum grade, that seems enough to get approval in both classes. --[[User:Hugoxrosa|Hugoxrosa]] ([[User talk:Hugoxrosa|talk]]) 19:33, 1 December 2020 (UTC)<br />
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I have heard that some cybersecurity tests either involve defending a network or attacking one, and your final grade was how successful you were.</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2295:_Garbage_Math&diff=1909452295: Garbage Math2020-04-20T01:55:29Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ em superfluous parens</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2295<br />
| date = April 17, 2020<br />
| title = Garbage Math<br />
| image = garbage_math.png<br />
| titletext = 'Garbage In, Garbage Out' should not be taken to imply any sort of conservation law limiting the amount of garbage produced.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Created by a ZILOG Z80. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
This is the second break from the {{w|COVID-19}} series.<br />
<br />
This comic explains the "{{w|garbage in, garbage out}}" concept using arithmetical expressions. Just like the comic says, if you get garbage in any part of your workflow, you get garbage as a result. Except when you multiply by zero. That one always fixes everything.<br />
<br />
Some of these rules correspond to the rules of {{w|floating point arithmetic}}, while others may be inspired by the rules of {{w|Propagation_of_uncertainty#Example_formulae| propagation of uncertainty}} where a "garbage" number would correspond to an estimate with a high degree of uncertainty, and the uncertainty of the result of arithmetic operations will tend to be dominated by the term with the highest uncertainty. The rule about N pieces of independent garbage reflects the {{w|central limit theorem}} and how it predicts that the uncertainty (or {{w|standard error}}) of an estimate will be reduced when independent estimates are averaged. The comic oddly omits raising garbage to the 0th power, or 1 to the garbageth power, which (by {{w|IEEE-754}}) transforms even {{w|NaN}}, the platonic ideal of garbage, to exactly 1.<br />
<br />
This comic is about the propagation of errors in numerical analysis and statistics, but described in much more colloquial terms. Numbers with low precision are termed "garbage" and numbers with high precision are labeled "precise".<br />
<br />
This comic is not related to the {{w|2019–20 coronavirus outbreak|2020 pandemic}} of the {{w|coronavirus}} {{w|SARS-CoV-2}}, which causes {{w|COVID-19}}, breaking the streak of comics preceding this on [[:Category:COVID-19|topics relating to COVID-19]], after (rather appropriately) 19 comics (not counting the [[2288: Collector's Edition|April Fools' comic]]).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Formula as shown<br />
!Resulting variance<br />
!Explanation<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number + Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X+Y)=\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)^2}</math><br />
|{{Nowrap|If we know absolute error bars, then adding two precise numbers will}} at worst add the sizes of the two error bars. For example, if our precise numbers are 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>) and 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>), then our sum is 2 (±2·10<sup>-6</sup>). It is possible to lose a lot of relative precision, if the resultant sum is close to zero as a result of adding a number and then close to its inverse. This phenomenon is known as catastrophic cancellation. Therefore, it is likely that all numbers referred here are positive numbers, which does not exhibit this phenomenon.<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number × Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X\times Y)=</math><br><br><math>\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)\times Y^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)\times X^2}</math><br />
|Here, instead of absolute error, relative error will be added. For example, if our precise numbers are 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>) and 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>), then our product is 1 (±2·10<sup>-6</sup>).<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number + Garbage = Garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X+Y)=\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)^2}</math><br />
|If one of the numbers has a high absolute error, and the numbers being added are of comparable size, then this error will be propagated to the sum. <br />
|-<br />
|Precise number × Garbage = Garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X\times Y)=</math><br><br><math>\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)\times Y^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)\times X^2}</math><br />
|Likewise, if one of the numbers has a high relative error, then this error will be propagated to the product. Here, this is independent of the sizes of the numbers.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\sqrt{\text{Garbage}}</math> = Less bad garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(\sqrt X)=\frac{\mathop\sigma(X)}{2\times\sqrt X} </math><br />
| When the square root of a number is computed, its relative error will be halved. Depending on the application, this might not be all that much ''better'', but it's at least ''less bad''.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage<sup>2</sup> = Worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X^2)=2\times X\times\mathop\sigma(X)</math><br />
|Likewise, when a number is squared, its relative error will be doubled. This is a corollary to multiplication adding relative errors.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\frac{1}{N}\sum(</math>N pieces of statistically independent garbage<math>)</math> = Better garbage<br />
|<math>{\sigma}_\bar{x}\ = \frac{\sigma_x}{\sqrt{N}}</math><br />
|By aggregating many pieces of statistically independent observations (for instance, surveying many individuals), it is possible to reduce relative error by the {{w|Standard_error#Standard_error_of_the_mean|standard error of the mean}}. This is the basis of statistical sampling and the {{w|central limit theorem}}.<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number<sup>Garbage</sup> = Much worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(b^X)=b^{2\times X}\times\mathop{\mathrm{ln}}b\times\sigma(X)</math><br />
|The exponent is very sensitive to changes, which may also magnify the effect based on the magnitude of the precise number.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage – Garbage = Much worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X-Y)=\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)^2}</math><br />
|This line involves catastrophic cancellation. If both pieces of garbage are about the same (e.g. if their error bars overlap), then it is possible that the answer is positive, zero, or negative.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\frac{\text{Precise number}}{\text{Garbage}-\text{Garbage}}</math> = Much worse garbage, possible division by zero<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(\frac{a}{X-Y})=</math><br><br><math>|\frac a{X-Y}|\times\sqrt{\mathop\sigma(X)^2+\mathop\sigma(Y)^2}</math><br />
|Indeed, as with above, if error bars overlap then we might end up dividing by zero.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage × 0 = Precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(0)=0</math><br />
|Multiplying anything by 0 results in 0, an extremely precise number in the sense that it has no error whatsoever since we supply the 0 ourselves. This is equivalent to discarding garbage data from a statistical analysis.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The title text refers to the computer science maxim of "garbage in, garbage out," which states that when it comes to computer code, supplying incorrect initial data will produce incorrect results, even if the code itself accurately does what it is supposed to do. As we can see above, however, when plugging data into mathematical formulas, this can possibly magnify the error of our input data, though there are ways to reduce this error (such as aggregating data). Therefore, the quantity of garbage is not necessarily conserved.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
<br />
[A series of mathematical equations are written from top to bottom]<br />
<br />
Precise number + Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
<br />
Precise number × Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
<br />
Precise number + Garbage = Garbage<br />
<br />
Precise number × Garbage = Garbage<br />
<br />
√<span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 0.1em;">Garbage</span> = Less bad garbage<br />
<br />
Garbage² = Worse garbage<br />
<br />
1/N Σ (N pieces of statistically independent garbage) = Better garbage<br />
<br />
(Precise number)<sup>Garbage</sup> = Much worse garbage<br />
<br />
Garbage – Garbage = Much worse garbage<br />
<br />
Precise number / ( Garbage – Garbage ) = Much worse garbage, possible division by zero<br />
<br />
Garbage × 0 = Precise number<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Math]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2295:_Garbage_Math&diff=1909442295: Garbage Math2020-04-20T01:49:51Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ {{w</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2295<br />
| date = April 17, 2020<br />
| title = Garbage Math<br />
| image = garbage_math.png<br />
| titletext = 'Garbage In, Garbage Out' should not be taken to imply any sort of conservation law limiting the amount of garbage produced.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Created by a ZILOG Z80. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
This is the second break from the {{w|COVID-19}} series.<br />
<br />
This comic explains the "{{w|garbage in, garbage out}}" concept using arithmetical expressions. Just like the comic says, if you get garbage in any part of your workflow, you get garbage as a result. Except when you multiply by zero. That one always fixes everything.<br />
<br />
Some of these rules correspond to the rules of {{w|floating point arithmetic}}, while others may be inspired by the rules of {{w|Propagation_of_uncertainty#Example_formulae| propagation of uncertainty}} where a "garbage" number would correspond to an estimate with a high degree of uncertainty, and the uncertainty of the result of arithmetic operations will tend to be dominated by the term with the highest uncertainty. The rule about N pieces of independent garbage reflects the {{w|central limit theorem}} and how it predicts that the uncertainty (or {{w|standard error}}) of an estimate will be reduced when independent estimates are averaged. The comic oddly omits raising garbage to the 0th power, or 1 to the garbageth power, which (by {{w|IEEE-754}}) transforms even {{w|NaN}}, the platonic ideal of garbage, to exactly 1.<br />
<br />
This comic is about the propagation of errors in numerical analysis and statistics, but described in much more colloquial terms. Numbers with low precision are termed "garbage" and numbers with high precision are labeled "precise".<br />
<br />
This comic is not related to the {{w|2019–20 coronavirus outbreak|2020 pandemic}} of the {{w|coronavirus}} {{w|SARS-CoV-2}}, which causes {{w|COVID-19}}, breaking the streak of comics preceding this on [[:Category:COVID-19|topics relating to COVID-19]], after (rather appropriately) 19 comics (not counting the [[2288: Collector's Edition|April Fools' comic]]).<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Formula as shown<br />
!Resulting variance<br />
!Explanation<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number + Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X+Y)=\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X))^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y))^2}</math><br />
|{{Nowrap|If we know absolute error bars, then adding two precise numbers will}} at worst add the sizes of the two error bars. For example, if our precise numbers are 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>) and 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>), then our sum is 2 (±2·10<sup>-6</sup>). It is possible to lose a lot of relative precision, if the resultant sum is close to zero as a result of adding a number and then close to its inverse. This phenomenon is known as catastrophic cancellation. Therefore, it is likely that all numbers referred here are positive numbers, which does not exhibit this phenomenon.<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number × Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X\times Y)=</math><br><br><math>\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X)\times Y)^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y)\times X)^2}</math><br />
|Here, instead of absolute error, relative error will be added. For example, if our precise numbers are 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>) and 1 (±10<sup>-6</sup>), then our product is 1 (±2·10<sup>-6</sup>).<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number + Garbage = Garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X+Y)=\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X))^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y))^2}</math><br />
|If one of the numbers has a high absolute error, and the numbers being added are of comparable size, then this error will be propagated to the sum. <br />
|-<br />
|Precise number × Garbage = Garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X\times Y)=</math><br><br><math>\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X)\times Y)^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y)\times X)^2}</math><br />
|Likewise, if one of the numbers has a high relative error, then this error will be propagated to the product. Here, this is independent of the sizes of the numbers.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\sqrt{\text{Garbage}}</math> = Less bad garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(\sqrt X)=\frac{\mathop\sigma(X)}{2\times\sqrt X} </math><br />
| When the square root of a number is computed, its relative error will be halved. Depending on the application, this might not be all that much ''better'', but it's at least ''less bad''.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage<sup>2</sup> = Worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X^2)=2\times X\times\mathop\sigma(X)</math><br />
|Likewise, when a number is squared, its relative error will be doubled. This is a corollary to multiplication adding relative errors.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\frac{1}{N}\sum(</math>N pieces of statistically independent garbage<math>)</math> = Better garbage<br />
|<math>{\sigma}_\bar{x}\ = \frac{\sigma_x}{\sqrt{N}}</math><br />
|By aggregating many pieces of statistically independent observations (for instance, surveying many individuals), it is possible to reduce relative error by the {{w|Standard_error#Standard_error_of_the_mean|standard error of the mean}}. This is the basis of statistical sampling and the {{w|central limit theorem}}.<br />
|-<br />
|Precise number<sup>Garbage</sup> = Much worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(b^X)=b^{2\times X}\times\mathop{\mathrm{ln}}b\times\sigma(X)</math><br />
|The exponent is very sensitive to changes, which may also magnify the effect based on the magnitude of the precise number.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage – Garbage = Much worse garbage<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(X-Y)=\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X))^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y))^2}</math><br />
|This line involves catastrophic cancellation. If both pieces of garbage are about the same (e.g. if their error bars overlap), then it is possible that the answer is positive, zero, or negative.<br />
|-<br />
|<math>\frac{\text{Precise number}}{\text{Garbage}-\text{Garbage}}</math> = Much worse garbage, possible division by zero<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(\frac{a}{X-Y})=</math><br><br><math>|\frac a{X-Y}|\times\sqrt{(\mathop\sigma(X))^2+(\mathop\sigma(Y))^2}</math><br />
|Indeed, as with above, if error bars overlap then we might end up dividing by zero.<br />
|-<br />
|Garbage × 0 = Precise number<br />
|<math>\mathop\sigma(0)=0</math><br />
|Multiplying anything by 0 results in 0, an extremely precise number in the sense that it has no error whatsoever since we supply the 0 ourselves. This is equivalent to discarding garbage data from a statistical analysis.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The title text refers to the computer science maxim of "garbage in, garbage out," which states that when it comes to computer code, supplying incorrect initial data will produce incorrect results, even if the code itself accurately does what it is supposed to do. As we can see above, however, when plugging data into mathematical formulas, this can possibly magnify the error of our input data, though there are ways to reduce this error (such as aggregating data). Therefore, the quantity of garbage is not necessarily conserved.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
<br />
[A series of mathematical equations are written from top to bottom]<br />
<br />
Precise number + Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
<br />
Precise number × Precise number = Slightly less precise number<br />
<br />
Precise number + Garbage = Garbage<br />
<br />
Precise number × Garbage = Garbage<br />
<br />
√<span style="border-top:1px solid; padding:0 0.1em;">Garbage</span> = Less bad garbage<br />
<br />
Garbage² = Worse garbage<br />
<br />
1/N Σ (N pieces of statistically independent garbage) = Better garbage<br />
<br />
(Precise number)<sup>Garbage</sup> = Much worse garbage<br />
<br />
Garbage – Garbage = Much worse garbage<br />
<br />
Precise number / ( Garbage – Garbage ) = Much worse garbage, possible division by zero<br />
<br />
Garbage × 0 = Precise number<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
[[Category:Math]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2236:_Is_it_Christmas%3F&diff=184023Talk:2236: Is it Christmas?2019-12-02T22:06:06Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
according Wayback Machine, the site [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014549/https://isitchristmas.com/ still] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171225032723/https://isitchristmas.com/ says] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209052757/https://isitchristmas.com/ NO] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151225060146/https://isitchristmas.com/ even] on Christmas. --[[User:Valepert|valepert]] ([[User talk:Valepert|talk]]) 21:56, 2 December 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Hmmm, maybe it will be fixed this year. I imagine everybody spammed the guy on twitter when it didnt work last year. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 22:06, 2 December 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Okay so looking at isitchristmas.com, there's a comment at the top of the page saying to look at the console, but I don't see anything in there, anyone know what that might be about? Also at the bottom of the html file, the bottommost <script> tag looks like it might contain code for a chat client? I don't know JS so I'm unsure, but I tried changing all the related "false" values to "true" that looked relevant and nothing happened, so idk. Maybe someone else can figure it out. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 22:03, 2 December 2019 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2236:_Is_it_Christmas%3F&diff=184022Talk:2236: Is it Christmas?2019-12-02T22:03:14Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
according Wayback Machine, the site [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014549/https://isitchristmas.com/ still] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171225032723/https://isitchristmas.com/ says] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209052757/https://isitchristmas.com/ NO] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151225060146/https://isitchristmas.com/ even] on Christmas. --[[User:Valepert|valepert]] ([[User talk:Valepert|talk]]) 21:56, 2 December 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Okay so looking at isitchristmas.com, there's a comment at the top of the page saying to look at the console, but I don't see anything in there, anyone know what that might be about? Also at the bottom of the html file, the bottommost <script> tag looks like it might contain code for a chat client? I don't know JS so I'm unsure, but I tried changing all the related "false" values to "true" that looked relevant and nothing happened, so idk. Maybe someone else can figure it out. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 22:03, 2 December 2019 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839222235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:38:29Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ typo</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notification, often called a "typing awareness indicator," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first, which could be why it is the third here. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
<br />
4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
Some group chats frequently change the name of their title or the names of their channels, for example to reference upcoming events or inside jokes. Randall claims that this is the 'only good' type of chat, perhaps in comparison to group chats that never change their title, implying a singular focus which might be more dull than a dynamic group chat that often changes its titles. <br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far as to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, such as to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist." The Ninth Amendment was also referenced in [[1998: GDPR]], in a similar context of being inserted into a list of rules where it didn't really apply.<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839212235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:36:39Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ ce</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notification, often called a "typing awareness indicator," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first, which could be why it is the third here. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
<br />
4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
Some group chats frequently change the name of their title of the names of their channels, for example to reference upcoming events or inside jokes. Randall claims that this is the 'only good' type of chat, perhaps in comparison to group chats that never change their title, implying a singular focus which might be more dull than a dynamic group chat that often changes its titles. <br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far as to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, such as to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist." The Ninth Amendment was also referenced in [[1998: GDPR]], in a similar context of being inserted into a list of rules where it didn't really apply.<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839202235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:35:27Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ reword</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notification, often called a "typing awareness indicator," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first. Which makes it likely this is why it is placed as rule number 3 in this comic. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
<br />
4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
Some group chats frequently change the name of their title of the names of their channels, for example to reference upcoming events or inside jokes. Randall claims that this is the 'only good' type of chat, perhaps in comparison to group chats that never change their title, implying a singular focus which might be more dull than a dynamic group chat that often changes its titles. <br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far as to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, such as to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist." The Ninth Amendment was also referenced in [[1998: GDPR]], in a similar context of being inserted into a list of rules where it didn't really apply.<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839192235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:33:47Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ reword</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notification, often called a "typing awareness indicator," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first. Which makes it likely this is why it is placed as rule number 3 in this comic. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
<br />
4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
Some group chats frequently change the name of their title of the names of their channels, for example to reference upcoming events or inside jokes. Randall claims that this is the 'only good' type of chat, perhaps in comparison to group chats that never change their title, implying a singular focus which might be more dull than a dynamic group chat that often changes its titles. <br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far as to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, for example, to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist." The Ninth Amendment was also referenced in [[1998: GDPR]], in a similar context of being inserted into a list of rules where it didn't really apply.<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839162235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:15:12Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ grammar</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notifications, often called "typing awareness indicators," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first. Which makes it likely this is why it is placed as rule number 3 in this comic. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
<br />
4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far as to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, for example, to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist."<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=183915Talk:2235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:13:51Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* 5884 × 9286 pixel image?? */ reply</p>
<hr />
<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
<br />
== 5884 × 9286 pixel image?? ==<br />
<br />
When I open this page (https://xkcd.com/2235, in case there's any confusion), I get an enormous image that bleeds far past the right and bottom of the page. Turns out that the image is 5884 × 9286 pixels. Has this been seen before? -- [[User:Dtgriscom|Dtgriscom]] ([[User talk:Dtgriscom|talk]]) 19:05, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
: Looks like Randall must have uploaded the wrong image size. I assume he'll fix the comic shortly. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.211.52|172.68.211.52]] 19:32, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
11) I don't care if any generalised 'group chat' software does newest-first or oldest-first as default (and if you can resort to the other order, most-upticked, or whatever) but if it allows inclusion of prior comments, please ''DO NOT ENCOURAGE TOP-POSTING'', particularly when reply-pyramids can carelessly form with recless abandon, and often beyond the "this post is too long, click here to expand" point you often get. - Honestly, I just think a dose of more widespread peer-directed Usenet Netiquette (pre-Eternal September, definitely pre-Outlook Express) could do a lot of people good as well. Randomly split people up into 1990-ish sized cohorts for a 'training period' of socialisation until they can safely 'graduate' to the globally undelineated cohort. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.155.110|162.158.155.110]] 20:12, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
:Ok boomer, I'll be off your lawn in a moment. In the mean time I think there's a cloud up there which can't hear you. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.22.122|172.69.22.122]] 20:25, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Anyone got any ideas about (4)? The only group chat I know of which constantly changes their group names to different random nonsense is the Chapo Trap House Discord. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.22.122|172.69.22.122]] 20:32, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
: This might just be something that he has experienced personally. All of the large group chats of which I've been a member have exhibited this behavior. In fact, I thought it was pretty weird that no one on here had heard of this before. I related to it immediately. [[User:Moosenonny10|Moosenonny10]] ([[User talk:Moosenonny10|talk]]) 23:10, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
::If there is a public example please add it. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 23:13, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
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Does anyone think that (10) means that all of the rules were sent as separate messages and the last one's just an apology for doing that? [[Special:Contributions/172.69.63.83|172.69.63.83]] 22:17, 29 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
:Good call. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.255.244|162.158.255.244]] 22:48, 29 November 2019 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2235:_Group_Chat_Rules&diff=1839142235: Group Chat Rules2019-11-29T23:11:44Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */ not necessarily</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2235<br />
| date = November 29, 2019<br />
| title = Group Chat Rules<br />
| image = group_chat_rules.png<br />
| titletext = There's no group chat member more enigmatic than the cool person who you all assume has the chat on mute, but who then instantly chimes in with no delay the moment something relevant to them is mentioned.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Item 4 is kind of a head-scratcher on this one, possibly related to an obscure group chat in which Randall participates. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
In this comic Randall is outlining the rules of a group chat, such as {{w|Internet Relay Chat}} (IRC), {{w|Slack (software)|Slack}}, {{w|Discord (software)|Discord}}, {{w|WeChat}}, {{w|Discourse (software)|Discourse}}, and the like. <br />
<br />
1. '''Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.'''<br />
<br />
Typing notifications, often called "typing awareness indicators," is a feature of some instant messaging systems, showing a message such as "Typing..." with the typer's name to the other participants, causing them in many cases to wait to receive the message before typing something of their own. When the typer stops without sending anything, this can seem anticlimactic and potentially disruptive if it recurs. Randall's rule is that you must say something once you've started typing, to avoid the awkwardness of awaiting a person's reply. See also [[1886: Typing Notifications]].<br />
<br />
2. '''Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.'''<br />
<br />
Some URL links may have tracking information attached to the end of them, to show the origin of the URL and other information. {{w|UTM parameters}} are an example of URL parameters (the part of a URL starting with a question mark) which are used to track utilization of the URL from one user to another. Many news and marketing-related websites include such tracking codes with any visit to one of their web pages in an attempt to see the source of the URL for subsequent visits. Many people consider this a violation of privacy as well as a source of clutter, and make an effort to remove the parameters from URLs when they are not necessary for obtaining the requested content. For example, [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html?ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-w42lWd1QYp3RrUefCg_osA&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1&dclid=CjkKEQiAt_PuBRC2vOSG5pnYqN0BEiQATx34W-U3rsbKLg-BO9ep4IJKz6JxmZrHTqS7JKmZqSrWmKLw_wcB&ranMID=36310&ranEAID=lw9MynSeamY&ranSiteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&siteID=lw9MynSeamY-z5miuzSsmyWevVXB._R14g&utm_source=Slickdeals+LLC&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=us_en__na__na__na__purchase&utm_term=&utm_content=rakuten_1 this url] has a lot of tracking information to show that this URL was originally accessed from Slickdeals, which can be removed to produce [https://www.dyson.com/sticks/dyson-v8-absolute-nickel-iron.html a much shorter URL] for the same web page. Randall asks the users of group chat to politely remove the tracking codes. <br />
<br />
3. '''Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the 1999 film ''{{w|Fight Club}}'', where the main character forms an eponymous "Fight Club," an underground club for men to fight recreationally. In [http://www.diggingforfire.net/FightClub/ the rules for Fight Club] the first "rule" is "You do not talk about FIGHT CLUB.", which Randall parodies in this comic, by making a rule to not talk about the film ''Fight Club''. The second rule of Fight Club is the same as the first. Which makes it likely this is why it is placed as rule number 3 in this comic. See also [[922: Fight Club]] and [[109: Spoiler Alert]].<br />
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4. '''There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
5. '''Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.'''<br />
<br />
Many people have to deal with several kinds of group chat in the same organization, so referring to "the group chat" within such an organization may be confusingly ambiguous. Calling a chat "the group chat" could also be used for exclusivity.<br />
<br />
6. '''Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.'''<br />
<br />
''{{w|Robert's Rules of Order}}'' are one of the authoritative codifications of {{w|parliamentary procedure}} used to formalize decision-making in organizations required to document their activities such as governments and sometimes civic organizations and corporations. While people required to use ''Robert's Rules'' might use group chat to plan their {{w|Agenda (meeting)|agenda}} — even going so far to prepare a {{w|pro forma}} script for a meeting in accordance with parliamentary procedure which represents their positions and deliberations in advance — and to compose, revise, and approve their {{w|minutes}}, it is unlikely that group chat participants would follow ''Robert's Rules'' prior to their formal meeting.<br />
<br />
6. '''Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.'''<br />
<br />
Some people who use group chat too frequently or for unimportant messages or both will cause their colleagues to attempt to achieve greater productivity by excluding them from an alternate chat, from which notifications, for example, are less annoying and more useful.<br />
Alternatively, a person could be excluded from a chat to hide things from them, for example, to plan a surprise for them.<br />
<br />
8. '''Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.'''<br />
<br />
Tools such as {{w|IFTTT}} and {{w|IRC bot}}s (or "bots" in this context) are used to provide group chat channels with information automatically taken from external sources of various sorts, such as emails to a support address or commits to source code control systems. Randall suggests that when such algorithmic information is not available, it is incumbent upon chat participants to provide sufficiently verbose replacements. The "algorithmic feed" may also refer to the newsfeed type of systems that Facebook or other social networking sites use, to order posts for a user to view.<br />
<br />
9. '''The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.'''<br />
<br />
This is a reference to the {{w|Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution}}, which entitles people to rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Per Wikipedia, this right was included because "future generations might argue that, because a certain right was not listed in the Bill of Rights, it did not exist."<br />
<br />
10. '''Sorry about all the notifications.'''<br />
<br />
Here, Randall apologizes for all the notifications for the messages sent in group chat. Group chat features often result in more notifications than designers of notification systems anticipated or intended. If each of these ten rules were sent as a separate message in group chat, they might likely end with such an apology.<br />
<br />
The title text expresses appreciation of group chat participants who remain silent except for promptly replying on topics pertinent to them.<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Title at the top of the comic]:<br />
: Rules for this group chat<br />
<br />
:[A numbered list of 10 rules]:<br />
<br />
# Once you've sent a typing notification, you have to say ''something,'' c'mon.<br />
# Show you care by trimming the tracking junk off links you paste.<br />
# Do not talk about ''Fight Club'' (1999).<br />
# There are two types of chats: those with a relevant group name, and those where the name is random nonsense that changes regularly. Only the second kind are good.<br />
# Where mentioning it elsewhere, always just refer to it as "the group chat" to create an aura of exclusive mystery.<br />
# Robert's Rules of Order are optional but encouraged.<br />
# Periodically part of the group will split off to form a new chat with everyone minus one person. This is how group chats reproduce; don't draw attention to it.<br />
# Since there's no algorithmic feed, the responsibility for injecting lots of garbage no one asked for falls on you.<br />
# The enumeration, in these rules, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<br />
# Sorry about all the notifications.<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Social interactions]]<br />
[[Category:Social networking]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2231:_The_Time_Before_and_After_Land&diff=183233Talk:2231: The Time Before and After Land2019-11-20T22:00:33Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
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<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
I believe that the "bees" are paired with words like "for" in the chart to draw similarities to the word "before"? [[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.34|172.68.54.34]] 21:49, 20 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
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Agreed. Has been changed. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 21:59, 20 November 2019 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2231:_The_Time_Before_and_After_Land&diff=183232Talk:2231: The Time Before and After Land2019-11-20T21:59:51Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--><br />
I believe that the "bees" are paired with words like "for" in the chart to draw similarities to the word "before"? [[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.34|172.68.54.34]] 21:49, 20 November 2019 (UTC)<br />
Agreed. Has been changed. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 21:59, 20 November 2019 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2231:_The_Time_Before_and_After_Land&diff=1832312231: The Time Before and After Land2019-11-20T21:58:24Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 2231<br />
| date = November 20, 2019<br />
| title = the Time Before And After Land<br />
| image = the_time_before_and_after_land.png<br />
| titletext = According to Google, "the time for Beeland" is apparently whenever you're looking for delicious honey in Spillimacheen, British Columbia or a hexagonal chalet in the Savinja valley in Slovenia.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|Created by a BEE ON THYME. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
<br />
This comic is wordplay on ''{{w|The Land Before Time (franchise)|The Land Before Time}}'', a film series centered on dinosaurs. This comic is a timeline of different "times" in the history of the universe, before and after land was formed, with specific usages of "land", "bees", and "time"/"thyme". There is also a pun on the word "thyme", a herb in the mint family, which sounds like the word "time". Thus there is shown "The Land before Thyme".<br />
<br />
Randall also uses "Bee" and "For" as puns on "before", resulting in sentences such as "Time for land bees".<br />
<br />
The title text lists 2 places with the name "Beeland": [https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g2108670-d2094291-Reviews-Beeland-Spillimacheen_Kootenay_Rockies_British_Columbia.html Spillimacheen, British Columbia] or [http://www.apartmajimozirje.si/en/beeland/ a chalet in Slovenia].<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Timelines]]<br />
[[Category:Fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Animals]]<br />
[[Category:Puns]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:242:_The_Difference&diff=144586Talk:242: The Difference2017-08-25T17:14:28Z<p>172.68.132.155: Add my experience</p>
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<div>After reading this, I was just waiting for Hatguy to lure various animals over to the lever in order to test it without being harmed in the process... [[Special:Contributions/115.70.105.180|115.70.105.180]] 11:06, 2 July 2013 (UTC)<br />
<br />
;Causality?<br />
"Cueball pulls a lever. The lever causes a bolt of lightning to come down and strike him." I doubt that. "Cueball pulls a lever. A bolt of lightning comes down and strikes him." is correct. It may be coincidence, we cannot know that without testing. [[User:Undee|Undee]] ([[User talk:Undee|talk]]) 10:32, 18 October 2013 (UTC)<br />
: Agreed. And fixed. -- [[Special:Contributions/173.245.51.210|173.245.51.210]] 07:59, 8 November 2013 (UTC)<br />
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This makes me think that scientists are, in essence... insane... because isn't that the definition of insanity... pulling the lever again... and expecting different results? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.210|108.162.249.210]] 02:46, 11 June 2014 (UTC)<br />
: It actually isn't the definition of insanity. {{unsigned ip|162.158.91.167}}<br />
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What makes you think the result is expected to change? The scientist path isn't pulling the lever again because he's expecting a different result. He's pulling it again to see what happens. Learning more about lightning machines is worth the pain. {{unsigned ip|108.162.216.47}}<br />
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Timothy Wilson, UVa, tested if people (or rather college sophmores, i imagine) perfer sitting queitly or getting shocked. For males, it played out as shown. {{unsigned ip|173.245.54.167}}<br />
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I once (purely as a scientific endeavor and not as a dare) touched an electrified wire (the ones for cattle). I actually HEARD the electricity hit. I have never done that again, and will never ever do that again, no not never in a million years. ONCE. IS. ENOUGH.[[User:Jakee308|Jakee308]] ([[User talk:Jakee308|talk]]) 19:52, 24 April 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Reminds me of elementary school, in which I would often repeatedly slide down a slide and shock myself on the metal pole on the bottom (demonstrating static electricity) purely for the science of it. It's awesome to see how I was preparing for a life of science even then. Also interesting: a side effect of doing this was that I seemed to build up a tolerance for the static shock, so could slide down and shock someone at the bottom without it hurting much, while they seems to feel it much more strongly. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.132.155|172.68.132.155]] 17:14, 25 August 2017 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1879:_Eclipse_Birds&diff=1443531879: Eclipse Birds2017-08-21T16:06:53Z<p>172.68.132.155: /* Explanation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comic<br />
| number = 1879<br />
| date = August 21, 2017<br />
| title = Eclipse Birds<br />
| image = eclipse_birds.png<br />
| titletext = 'Hey! Put her down!' 'No, it's ok! The next chance for me to be carried to a blood cauldron isn't until 2024!'<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Explanation==<br />
{{incomplete|More on birds/animals behavior during an eclipse. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}<br />
<br />
This comic is the fourth consecutive comic with {{w|solar eclipse}} as the topic. On the day after this comic's release, Monday, {{w|Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|August 21, 2017}}, a total solar eclipse was (will be, at the time of writing) visible in totality within a band across the {{w|contiguous United States}} from west to east. The other comics are [[1876: Eclipse Searches]]. [[1877: Eclipse Science]], and [[1878: Earth Orbital Diagram]].<br />
<br />
The comic is making a joke about how birds panic during eclipses, and [[Cueball]] tells [[Megan]] that this will happen. However, instead of just cheeping and screeching in a different pattern than birds normally do, because of the sun disappearing at an unexpected time of day, they begin to prepare to make a sacrifice to appease their gods, similar to how ancient cultures like the {{w|Aztecs}}, [https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/18/16078886/total-solar-eclipse-folklore are said to have acted]. <br />
<br />
During an eclipse birds and other animals are reported to show atypical behavior. Birds stop singing during totality, then greet the return of the sun with a "dawn chorus". Owls, however, become active as do mosquitos. <br />
<br />
In the title text it turns out that the birds are about to sacrifice Megan, and Cueball tells them to stop. But Megan tells him it is OK as she wants to try experience of being carried to a blood cauldron as she won't get another chance until the next eclipse in the US on {{w|Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024|8th of April, 2024}}. (A small region around [https://nationaleclipse.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/x-marks-the-spot-two-total-solar-eclipses-in-seven-years/ Carbondale, Illinois] will experience two total eclipses in 7 years).<br />
<br />
==Transcript==<br />
:[Cueball and Megan standing together looking to the right.]<br />
:Cueball: I heard that during an eclipse the birds all freak out.<br />
:Megan: I guess we'll see!<br />
<br />
:[Beat panel, the white background sky turns at the top slightly darker.]<br />
<br />
:[As the sky turns to dusk sounds can be heard. It's written above Cueball and Megan inside squiggly bubbles.]<br />
:Chirp Chirp!<br />
:Chirp!<br />
:Peep peep peep!<br />
:Squawk!<br />
<br />
:[The sky is now nearly dark, more at the top of the panel. The sounds continue, written in similar bubbles.]<br />
:Chirp!<br />
:Clank clank clank<br />
:The time is upon us!<br />
:Peep!<br />
:Kachunk<br />
:Prepare the blood cauldron!<br />
:Cueball: Wow.<br />
:Megan: Isn't nature amazing?<br />
<br />
{{comic discussion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]<br />
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]<br />
[[Category:Animals]]<br />
[[Category:Astronomy]]</div>172.68.132.155https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1869:_Positive_and_Negative_Reviews&diff=143329Talk:1869: Positive and Negative Reviews2017-07-30T18:54:12Z<p>172.68.132.155: </p>
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<div><!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and not delete this comment.--><br />
This page is now available for discussions. Sorry for the delay. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:42, 28 July 2017 (UTC)<br />
<br />
About the Trivia item "The use of the phrase 'physics tells us...' may be alluding to the way people use 'physics' or 'science' to justify nonsense.", I seriously doubt it. If there were no connection to real physics, this comic would be pretty devoid of content. And lacking much of a joke! I've been figuring that this is referencing SOME aspect of physics and applying it to real life in a silly way. I've been wanting to read about it. There must be something, maybe theorizing about time travel, maybe saying something is measured backwards? I'm reminded of the British sitcom, Red Dwarf, the episode Backwards, where they visit a future Earth where time has turned backwards, so everybody speaks backwards and everything is done backwards (where I learned that "Bitter" backwards sounds like "Erskib"). [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:05, 30 July 2017 (UTC)<br />
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Am I the only one that would likely agree with the "backwards" reviewers? Those sorts of sports drinks like Gatorade, etc taste terrible to me, and would likely result in me drinking much more water to rinse out the flavor! The same is true of soda for me. I feel like this comic might also be referencing that aspect, and an absurd attempt to justify considering even the negative reviews positive. 18:54, 30 July 2017 (UTC)</div>172.68.132.155