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		<title>explain xkcd - User contributions [en]</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-27T22:45:11Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2214:_Chemistry_Nobel&amp;diff=181317</id>
		<title>2214: Chemistry Nobel</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2214:_Chemistry_Nobel&amp;diff=181317"/>
				<updated>2019-10-16T18:31:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: /* Explanation */ ce&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2214&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 11, 2019&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Chemistry Nobel&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = chemistry nobel.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Most chemists thought the lanthanides and actinides could be inserted in the sixth and seventh rows, but no, they're just floating down at the bottom with lots more undiscovered elements all around them.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by THE SOCIETY OF ANNOYING MENDELEEV. Standard wait time in progress.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Periodic table|periodic table of the elements}} is a display which arranges all of the 118 (currently) known chemical elements by atomic number and sorts them into columns such that each column contains a group of elements displaying similar chemical properties. The original version of this table was developed by Russian chemist {{w|Dmitri Mendeleev}} in 1869, when he realized that certain properties repeated periodically as elements became more massive. Notably, this system left obvious gaps at the top of the table. Mendeleev correctly predicted that some of these gaps represented elements that had not been discovered yet, and even predicted their properties based on the patterns in the table. The later discovery of those elements (including germanium and gallium) helped validate Mendeleev's work. Other gaps, however, were not due to undiscovered elements, but merely resulted from the properties of electron {{w|orbitals}} in atoms: upper rows of the table represent orbitals with fewer possible electrons and hence fewer elements, so displaying the lower rows properly below the upper ones leaves gaps in the upper rows. In other words, elements could not actually exist in these spaces, spaces which only existed in the realm of human bookkeeping. The joke of this comic is that it treats these gaps as if they represented elements that hadn't been discovered yet. Ponytail and her team have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry merely by looking for and finding these elements. She expresses surprise that no one else had thought of such a simple direction for research.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The lanthanides and actinides mentioned in the title text are series of elements with higher atomic numbers that have electrons in orbitals that no previous elements have, and thus occupy columns of the periodic table that don't exist for lower-numbered elements. Sometimes these elements are [https://42796r1ctbz645bo223zkcdl-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Figure-2.-The-32-column-version-of-the-periodic-table-published-by-IUPAC.png displayed in the table], a format that corresponds with their actual orbital structure; this format is too wide for most display media, thus the lanthanides and actinides are separated out and displayed &amp;quot;floating&amp;quot; beneath the rest of the periodic table. The title text jokes that these floating series of elements are actually surrounded by actual elements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In real life, the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/press-release/ John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino] for their work in the development of lithium-ion batteries; it was announced on October 9, just a few days before this comic was published, so the chemistry Nobel Prize was in the news.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail stands in front of an image with a white section in the shape of the 7 rows of the periodic table  of the elements, but without the two rows usually shown beneath with the lanthanides and actinides. The “empty” sections at the top of the table are filled with three rows of dotted boxes, 16 boxes in the top row and two rows with 10 boxes each, shifted one right from the top row. Ponytail points to this area with a pointer while she looks and gestures towards an off-panel audience.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: I don't know why no one else thought to look here. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel]:&lt;br /&gt;
:The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to the team that discovered the elements in the big gap at the top of the periodic table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chemistry]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2214:_Chemistry_Nobel&amp;diff=181316</id>
		<title>2214: Chemistry Nobel</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2214:_Chemistry_Nobel&amp;diff=181316"/>
				<updated>2019-10-16T18:30:11Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: /* Explanation */ ce&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2214&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 11, 2019&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Chemistry Nobel&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = chemistry nobel.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Most chemists thought the lanthanides and actinides could be inserted in the sixth and seventh rows, but no, they're just floating down at the bottom with lots more undiscovered elements all around them.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by THE SOCIETY OF ANNOYING MENDELEEV. Standard wait time in progress.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Periodic table|periodic table of the elements}} is a display which arranges all of the 118 (currently) known chemical elements by atomic number and sorts them into columns such that each column contains a group of elements displaying similar chemical properties. The original version of this table was developed by Russian chemist {{w|Dmitri Mendeleev}} in 1869, when he realized that certain properties repeated periodically as elements became more massive. Notably, this system left obvious gaps at the top of the table. Mendeleev correctly predicted that some of these gaps represented elements that had not been discovered yet, and even predicted their properties based on the patterns in the table. The later discovery of those elements (including germanium and gallium) helped validate Mendeleev's work. Other gaps, however, were not due to undiscovered elements, but merely resulted from the properties of electron {{w|orbitals}} in atoms: upper rows of the table represent orbitals with fewer possible electrons and hence fewer elements, so displaying the lower rows properly below the upper ones leaves gaps in the upper rows. In other words, elements could not actually exist in these spaces, spaces which only existed in the realm of human bookkeeping. The joke of this comic is that it treats these gaps as if they represented elements that hadn't been discovered yet. Ponytail and her team has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry merely by looking for and finding these elements. She expresses surprise that no one else had thought of such a simple direction for research.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The lanthanides and actinides mentioned in the title text are series of elements with higher atomic numbers that have electrons in orbitals that no previous elements have, and thus occupy columns of the periodic table that don't exist for lower-numbered elements. Sometimes these elements are [https://42796r1ctbz645bo223zkcdl-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Figure-2.-The-32-column-version-of-the-periodic-table-published-by-IUPAC.png displayed in the table], a format that corresponds with their actual orbital structure; this format is too wide for most display media, thus the lanthanides and actinides are separated out and displayed &amp;quot;floating&amp;quot; beneath the rest of the periodic table. The title text jokes that these floating series of elements are actually surrounded by actual elements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In real life, the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/press-release/ John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino] for their work in the development of lithium-ion batteries; it was announced on October 9, just a few days before this comic was published, so the chemistry Nobel Prize was in the news.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail stands in front of an image with a white section in the shape of the 7 rows of the periodic table  of the elements, but without the two rows usually shown beneath with the lanthanides and actinides. The “empty” sections at the top of the table are filled with three rows of dotted boxes, 16 boxes in the top row and two rows with 10 boxes each, shifted one right from the top row. Ponytail points to this area with a pointer while she looks and gestures towards an off-panel audience.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: I don't know why no one else thought to look here. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel]:&lt;br /&gt;
:The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to the team that discovered the elements in the big gap at the top of the periodic table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chemistry]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:610:_Sheeple&amp;diff=181304</id>
		<title>Talk:610: Sheeple</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:610:_Sheeple&amp;diff=181304"/>
				<updated>2019-10-16T04:28:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So, I'm a high schooler. I recently found out most people my age don't care about outside politics and stuff like that. On the other hand, I always think that they do. But now I'm actually starting to believe this. I mean, what do people care about, then?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Which one is Paul Ryan?[[Special:Contributions/138.162.140.55|138.162.140.55]] 00:44, 19 October 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
tsk tsk tsk... somebody has been watching too much of the msnbc propaganda... [[User:Douglasadams472|Douglasadams472]] 20:56, 15 December 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Probably the one with the briefcase full of money. :P [[User:Hogtree Octovish|Hogtree Octovish]] ([[User talk:Hogtree Octovish|talk]]) 09:25, 16 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret guy?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Weatherlawyer| I used Google News BEFORE it was clickbait]] ([[User talk:Weatherlawyer|talk]]) 09:11, 29 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I find another possible humor in tile text: Ironically, Rand fans would find the concept of a collective rather revolting. A convention is in essence a gathering of everyone who has an interest in a subject, and is thus an &amp;quot;average of averages&amp;quot; (to quote Rand herself) on the respective subject. Fans who take Rand's philosophy as intended would probably find amassing themselves with others in a social hodge-podge of people without much function, mindless discussion, and re-iterating the ideas of someone else, to be against Rand's theory of Objectivism... Unless their Libertarians, of course. [[User:Jinx|Jinx]] 20:31, 11 April 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I wonder if this was the same train that blew the Taggart tunnel... [[User: Nemo|Nemo]] 14:46, 24 April 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a [[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Proposals#Merge_Cueball_.26_Rob|community portal discussion]] of what to call Cueball and what to do in case with more than one Cueball. I have added this comic to the new Category:Multiple Cueballs. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 15:06, 15 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Be different: conform.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-- Fortune&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2215:_Faculty:Student_Ratio&amp;diff=181243</id>
		<title>2215: Faculty:Student Ratio</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2215:_Faculty:Student_Ratio&amp;diff=181243"/>
				<updated>2019-10-14T23:18:02Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2215&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 15, 2019&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Faculty:Student Ratio&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = faculty_student_ratio.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = They managed to briefly hit the top of the rankings when they rejected everyone except one applicant, published 5 billion research papers that just said &amp;quot;Hi,&amp;quot; and hired one of their graduates for $50 trillion/year (then fired them after 10 microseconds.)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a GRADUATE. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1895:_Worrying_Scientist_Interviews&amp;diff=181116</id>
		<title>Talk:1895: Worrying Scientist Interviews</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1895:_Worrying_Scientist_Interviews&amp;diff=181116"/>
				<updated>2019-10-11T01:00:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why not use Heliologist? :~) [[User:DarkJMKnight|DarkJMKnight]] ([[User talk:DarkJMKnight|talk]]) 14:49, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the sun is local breaking news, could be an impending dark age (solar activity destroying all technology) or a dark age (solar implosion/explosion/death). [[Special:Contributions/162.158.79.5|162.158.79.5]] 15:42, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Destroying *''all''* technology would require something on the scale of a solar expansion (hydrogen exhaustion) Solar flares (even those strong enough to burn all life from the face of the Earth) still would not be sufficient to destroy subterranean shelters like NORAD. Only a total extinction event would be capable of destroying all technology. Even if 99.9% of all humans on Earth were killed off, there are very well secured (&amp;amp; insanely well funded) facilities which will survive any event short of total crust-upheaval, at least for a generation or so. Reverting to primitive lifestyle may possibly happen for a *''majority''* of humans, but modern military systems are such that some humans with tech are almost guaranteed to remain, no matter what terrible events occur. In other words, the wealthiest technocratic elite aren't going to die off any time soon. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.58.125|172.68.58.125]] 00:59, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Which makes me wonder why only a local reporter is covering the story. Sounds like a media beat-up. The joke appears to depend more on someone's imagination than on the actual news story. [[Special:Contributions/198.41.238.34|198.41.238.34]] 23:10, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone else is dead except for the reporter who happens to be beret guy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Marine biologist is probably about oil spills or coral reefs/fish dying etc, rather than invasive species --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.99.209|141.101.99.209]] 16:18, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The explanation for &amp;quot;ornithologist&amp;quot; uses &amp;quot;avian dinosaurs&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;birds.&amp;quot;  There's a link to the wikipedia page for birds, but it's still a potentially confusing inside joke. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.106|172.68.54.106]] 19:01, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: The reference to &amp;quot;ornithologist&amp;quot; is almost certainly a reference to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birds_(film) Hitchcock's &amp;quot;The Birds&amp;quot;] [[Special:Contributions/172.68.253.209|172.68.253.209]] 01:52, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Definitely, rather than the obscure Birdemic movie --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.69.81|141.101.69.81]] 06:32, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So, wait: worried about what the hell is so wrong with interviewers for them to actually want to talk to these kinds of researchers; or about what is happening to the world are we all going to die is it the end times? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.79.71|162.158.79.71]] 19:54, 27 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: This seems to be inspired by horror and disaster movies, so talking to a volcanologist would suggest that a volcano is about to blow and make the local town the next Pompeii. An ornithologist means the birds are about to go psycho like in The Birds (if we're going to list obscure things nobody has ever heard of, I'd put forward a certain episode of a show called Cybersix), etc. That's what this is talking about. So, end times. :) [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 04:45, 29 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The solar physicist would most likely be talking about an incoming solar flare, which could shut down the electric grid, satellites, and a bunch of other stuff, potentially within minutes, making it the most pressing of the issues. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.75.112|162.158.75.112]] 01:11, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think economists and nutritionists are at the lower end for being notoriously wrong in their predictions --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.69.81|141.101.69.81]] 06:35, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wow, this comic came on the morning right after the night in which I had a terrifying nightmare about the sun going supernova. I'm SERIOUSLY spooked. --[[Special:Contributions/162.158.92.148|162.158.92.148]] 08:53, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Well don't worry, the sun is too small to go Super nova. My nightmare as a kid was that it swelled up and swallowed the Earth... This will probably happen, but in 5 bill. years fro now. But when you are 6 years old that is not a number that makes any sense, and I had just heard about the death of the sun :D --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 09:33, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bayes! Uuuh-vey! Considering you should pre-multiply with the probability that the&lt;br /&gt;
desaster happens in the first place (which is rather unlikely for the sun),&lt;br /&gt;
I definitely would be worried with the economist most. (Mkay, big stock crashes are as&lt;br /&gt;
probable as volcano eruptions, but I don't live near one.) [[Special:Contributions/141.101.104.29|141.101.104.29]] 10:10, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:But economists are interviewed before and after every meeting of the [Federal Reserve / Bank of England / whoever] discussing whether to change interest rates. That's a lot of non-critical interviews. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.76|162.158.34.76]] 10:52, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:If this is a joke about disaster movies like I think it is, then the probability of a disaster happening is basically 1, then this scale becomes a question of how scary the disaster is. I, for one, definitely think Jaws is a more scary announcement than anything an economist can come up with. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.112|172.68.54.112]] 15:07, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm pretty sure this is a joke about disaster movies not a serious scale. So Marine Biologist is pretty worrying because it's a shark attack or a giant octopus. Ornithologist is scary because of the birds, astronomers are meteors, etc. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.54.112|172.68.54.112]] 15:07, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:This explanation seems pretty confused - the main explanation seems to imply that we're talking about real life, while the table underneath suggests we're dealing with 'movieland' (e.g. an ornithologist in real life is more likely to be talking about a population fall than 'strange behaviour').  My own take is that it's all talking about real life ''except'' for the last entry / title text, which is the punch line, and is referencing 'movieland'.[[Special:Contributions/162.158.155.32|162.158.155.32]] 11:47, 29 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What about the missing entries?   Mathematician: &amp;quot;the discrete logarithm problem has been solved&amp;quot; (eCommerce becomes insecure).&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Divad27182|Divad27182]] ([[User talk:Divad27182|talk]]) 20:29, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Exactly what I was thinking- after all the heavy handed AGW talk during the campaign, Climatologist is strangely missing from the list.[[User:Seebert|Seebert]] ([[User talk:Seebert|talk]]) 20:54, 28 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/172.68.253.89|172.68.253.89]] 23:11, 28 September 2017 (UTC) I can think of one speciality worse: nuclear physicist. Like the Sun, but localised. Imagine how local people must have thought when they were informed of the Fukushima Daiichi plant being compromised in 2011.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I would personally put Criminologist up among the top 4 (depending on how much I believe this is who they'd talk to for a serial killer), and everything else from Entomologist on down would be tied with Archeologist, with Nutritionist perhaps lower (nutritionists never agree, people just listen to the ones saying something they like, so I figure they all need to be taken with a grain of salt except when there's a majority opinion). Seems like these are more influenced by disaster / horror / thriller movies, LOL! Like Ornothogists rate high because of The Birds (which is famous and by a famous director, never heard of that other one, how does it rate a mention?) P.S. The first two comments got doubled up, cleaned it up before it got worse. [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 04:20, 29 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
People who aren't worried about interviewing the archaeologist clearly need to watch more The Mummy and Indiana Jones movies.  And Alien, for that matter. [[Special:Contributions/198.41.238.52|198.41.238.52]] 01:59, 30 September 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wow, I got a completely different joke when I read this one.  My initial interpretation of the comic was how worried we should all be that the (presumably scientifically illiterate) reporter was going to mangle the science contained in the interview in the interest of sensationalism and selling a news story.  Not that your all's' interpretation isn't perfectly valid, but given Randall's previous send ups of poor scientific reporting, that's the direction my mind went first.[[Special:Contributions/172.68.143.246|172.68.143.246]] 22:12, 3 October 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I suggest we add this article about the spelling of Archaeologist and Archeologist https://web.archive.org/web/20091205105622/http://www.saa.org/ForthePublic/Resources/OtherUsefulResources/Whyaretheretwodifferentspellingsarchaeology/tabid/1078/Default.aspx&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/172.68.211.88|172.68.211.88]] 01:00, 11 October 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2127:_Panama_Canal&amp;diff=171556</id>
		<title>2127: Panama Canal</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2127:_Panama_Canal&amp;diff=171556"/>
				<updated>2019-03-23T16:06:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: /* Explanation */ fixed spelling of Gatun&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2127&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = March 22, 2019&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Panama Canal&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = panama_canal.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Once they selected the other proposal, we could have kept shopping ours around, but we would had to modify it include an aqueduct over their canal, which would be totally unreasonable.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a Panamax vessel. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Article misses links or explanations for terms that may be unfamiliar to average reader.  View of at-grade crossing as normal could be misleading given reference in trivia to another navigable aqueduct.  Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Panama Canal}} is, as the name suggests, a canal through the country of Panama. It is important for bridging the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and is an important trade route. The canal is in Panama because this is the narrowest piece of land for crossing between the two oceans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cueball says that when the Panama Canal connecting the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean was being planned, he proposed an alternate route that connects the Arctic Ocean to the Great Southern Ocean.  At the time, the northern terminus would have been inaccessible, because the Arctic Ocean was almost completely covered by ice.  His suggested route runs somewhat to the east of the continental divide and has a total length of slightly over ten thousand miles, in contrast to the real-life canal which is only fifty miles long.  The extra length and more-rugged terrain make his proposal much more difficult to build and maintain, unlike the real-life Panama Canal {{Citation needed}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, while the real-life canal significantly shortens the travel distance between major cities on the east and west coasts of the Americas, his alternative offers little benefit over traveling north or south in either the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. In fact, with the lack of currents that can aid travel and the slow speed required to traverse canal locks, it would be significantly slower.  In addition, ships would have to wait approximately 100 years for global warming to melt the ice in the Arctic Ocean along the northern coast of North America sufficiently for them to enter or exit the northern end of the canal.  (However, since construction of this canal might take even longer, the ice might not be a problem by the time it was completed.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text references the now-existing Panama Canal, and the fact that Randall's canal would need to cross it at some point. The title text suggests that crossing two canals would have to be done via aqueduct, instead of the more useful at-grade crossing, most likely at {{w|Gatun Lake}}, which would allow boats to travel between the two canals by simply connecting them. The humor here is that this canal would be one of the most ambitious construction projects in history; an aqueduct being added to the costs is an expense on the same scale of needing an extra screw to hold something in on Apollo 11. The route depicted appears to cross the Mackenzie, Missouri, Rio Grande, and Amazon rivers anyway, so only this additional crossing is apparently &amp;quot;unreasonable.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Cueball is standing in front of a poster with two maps showing the Americas. He is pointing to the right one with a stick he is holding in his hand. Specifically to the red line going through the Americas from the Arctic sea above Canada near Alaska, down through North America, through the middle of Central America down through the middle of South America to end up in the Antarctic sea below the tip of South America. On the map to the left there is a similar red line indicating the Panama Canal crossing the thinnest part of Central America from the Pacific Oceanto the Atlantic Ocean. Both lines end in small dots on either &amp;quot;side&amp;quot; of the continent. The two maps have labels above them:]&lt;br /&gt;
:Atlantic-Pacific option&lt;br /&gt;
:Arctic-Antarctic option&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel:]&lt;br /&gt;
:I still don't understand why the Panama Canal planners rejected my proposal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*The Panama Canal was the main theme in [[1632: Palindrome]] and there is a scene in [[1608: Hoverboard]] where a [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/0/0d/1608_1026x1073y_Ruins_with_Cueball_singing_of_Spiders_and_Panama.png song that Cueball sings] references the canal. {{w|Panamax}} is referenced in the title text of [[1865: Wifi vs Cellular]].&lt;br /&gt;
*If Cueball had proposed an alternative Panama Canal when the original was being built, he would have to have been alive in the early 1900s. Assuming he was at least 18 when the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed to authorize the canal (a very generously low estimate), this version of Cueball would been born no later than 1885.&lt;br /&gt;
*The second comic in a row with a [[:Category:Maps|map based theme]]. Randall likes maps.&lt;br /&gt;
*A canal crossing a canal occurs at several places. One of the more famous ones is the {{w|Magdeburg Water Bridge}} in Germany. It also features some locks nearby, so ships can change from the canal to the Elbe river, and vice versa.&lt;br /&gt;
*Another canal crossing a canal is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk_Wheel Falkirk Wheel] in Scotland.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maps]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2126:_Google_Trends_Maps&amp;diff=171530</id>
		<title>2126: Google Trends Maps</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2126:_Google_Trends_Maps&amp;diff=171530"/>
				<updated>2019-03-22T22:59:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;172.68.211.88: /* Explanation */ ce&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2126&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = March 20, 2019&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Google Trends Maps&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = google_trends_maps.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = It's early 2020. The entire country is gripped with Marco Rubio fever except for Alaska, which is freaking out. You're frantically studying up on etiquette and/or sexting.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by MARCO RUBIO. Each map needs to be individually explained. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
[https://trends.google.com/ Google Trends] is a website for visualizing Google search activity by date and region. Used properly, it can give a picture of what topics people are interested in (as evidenced by what they search for) at particular times and in different places. Used improperly, it can simply [[1845:_State Word Map|amplify random noise]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Randall]] has created several Google Trends maps of search activity in the US. Each map colors in states according to which of two (or more) search queries was more popular. As noted at the top of the comic, all of these based on real queries (though not reflecting the same time period across all maps). However, none of them seem to show any especially ''useful'' comparisons. States in gray did not return enough data for Google Trends to consider it significant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Frostbite&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;heat stroke&amp;quot;: This is probably the most sensible comparison of the lot, showing which of these two risks of exposure people search up more often. However, the results are fairly obvious: in the colder northern and eastern states, &amp;quot;frostbite&amp;quot; is the more common search, while across the south and west, it's &amp;quot;heat stroke&amp;quot;. In the map, a tiny part of North Carolina is miscolored red compared to the rest of the state being blue.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Best church&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;best strip club&amp;quot;: This map would seem to indicate people in Nevada (and only in Nevada) are more interested in strip clubs than religion. This may have something to do with the fact that Las Vegas is in Nevada.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Bigfoot&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;Mike Pence&amp;quot;: Apparently, everywhere except for Indiana, people in the US are more interested in a mythical hairy creature than in the current (at the time of this comic's release) Vice President of the United States. Since Mike Pence was once the governor of Indiana, this makes more sense if the time period covered precedes his nomination as Trump's running mate.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Etiquette&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;{{w|sexting}}&amp;quot;: Similar to the church/strip club example, this map contrasts search interest in polite behavior against risqué behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Little dog&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;big cat&amp;quot;: The Trend map contrasts two searches for unidentified and briefly glimpsed wildlife that often snatch household pets left outside. The smallest canid in the wilds of America is the coyote, ''Canis latrans'', which are often smaller than the American wild dog, ''Canis lupus''. They are known for being scavenger/hunters and for the ululating &amp;quot;songs&amp;quot; their packs break into in the middle of the night.  By contrast, &amp;quot;big cat&amp;quot; is a term for the largest members of the cat family (''Felidae''). Except for the jaguar, which is a roaring cat of the ''Panthera'' genus that inhabits Mexico and sometimes Arizona, the largest wild cat in North America is the mountain lion, ''Puma concolor''.  It is also known as cougar, puma, catamount, ghost cat, over seventy other regional names, and the misnomer panther.  (The cougar is ironically of the Felinae subfamily, all of which purr, and not Pantherinae, which roar.  Black panthers in Africa are black-coated leopards, while black panthers in the Americas are black-coated jaguars, and both are Pantherinae. No black-coated pumas have been verified, leading zoologists to believe such sightings are misidentified.)  &amp;quot;Little Dog&amp;quot; is also a Canadian television series, set in Newfoundland, which explains the larger number of searches for Little Dog in Maine, the state closest to Newfoundland.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Shark attack&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;childbirth&amp;quot;: While both of these things might be considered risky, there is not much of a relationship between them. As might be expected, the &amp;quot;shark attack&amp;quot; search is more common in most coastal states (and, for some reason, both Kentucky and Nevada).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Snakes&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;ants&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;bees&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;alligators&amp;quot;: These are all dangerous animals that cause occasional human fatalities (mainly from allergic reactions for ants and bees). There is no noticeable pattern in which animal is searched most often, though only Florida has alligators as the most common search of the four. Florida presumably has Alligators as the most searched item on this list as it is where the Everglades are located, a vast area of swamp and marsh that, aside from maintaining the ecosystem and the water supply of Florida, also is home to an obscene number of alligators.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Retirement planning&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;[[wikipedia:bungee jumping|bungee jumping]]&amp;quot;: The implication here is that people in some states are more concerned with short-term fun rather than long-term planning. The contrast is more striking since bungee jumping is a potentially dangerous activity and people practising it might be seen as likely to die young enough not to need a retirement plan. However, bungee jumping is actually a quite safe activity due to most operators following rigorous safety procedures. &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Super Bowl&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;funeral home&amp;quot;: This is an attempt to contrast interest in a popular sports (and media) event against a rather somber topic.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Resume tips&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;skateboard tricks&amp;quot;: Another comparison between learning a &amp;quot;serious&amp;quot;, goal-oriented skill (career advancement) and a &amp;quot;silly&amp;quot;, fun skill (skateboarding). It is also an imperfect rhyme.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Donald Trump&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;What do I do&amp;quot;: The implication here seems to be that people in some states are more likely to ask Google &amp;quot;what do I do?&amp;quot;, either in panic or in ignorance, than they are to look up the latest doings of the US President. The split shown is not too different to the actual split between states voting for Trump and for his opponent, Hillary Clinton.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Existential crisis&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;Marco Rubio&amp;quot;: Senator Marco Rubio was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. Everywhere but Alaska, people were more likely to look up his name than to search for &amp;quot;existential crisis&amp;quot;. This may be due to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabin_fever Cabin Fever], which is common in Alaska due to the long, dark winters and frequent isolation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text uses two of these maps to paint a picture of the year 2020 (implying that these search patterns are both meaningful and likely to continue into the future). In this scenario, most of the country continues to read about Marco Rubio (except for Alaskans, still searching for help with their existential crises), and individuals are trying to learn about etiquette, sexting, or both, depending on their location.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Add the colored states. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The least informative&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Google Trends Maps'''&lt;br /&gt;
:I've created over the years&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:(All are real but not all cover the same date range)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[12 maps of the United States are shown with the states colored. There are labels for the colors.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 1]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Frostbite&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Heat stroke&lt;br /&gt;
:[Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Washington are red. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 2]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Best church&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Best strip club&lt;br /&gt;
:[Nevada is red. Alaska, North Dakota, and Wyoming are gray. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 3]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Bigfoot&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Mike Pence&lt;br /&gt;
:[Indiana is red. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 4]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Etiquette&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Sexting&lt;br /&gt;
:[Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia are red. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 5]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Little dog&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Big cat&lt;br /&gt;
:[Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming are blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 6]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Shark attack&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Childbirth&lt;br /&gt;
:[California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia are blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 7]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Snakes&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Ants&lt;br /&gt;
:[Yellow:] Bees&lt;br /&gt;
:[Green:] Alligators&lt;br /&gt;
:[Florida is green. Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin are red. Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming are yellow. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 8]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Retirement planning&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Bungee jumping&lt;br /&gt;
:[Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are gray. Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin are blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 9]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Super Bowl&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Funeral home&lt;br /&gt;
:[Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, and Washington are blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 10]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Resume tips&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Skateboard tricks&lt;br /&gt;
:[Arizona is red. Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are gray. All other states are blue.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 11]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Donald Trump&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] What do I do&lt;br /&gt;
:[California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin are blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Map 12]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Blue:] Existential crisis&lt;br /&gt;
:[Red:] Marco Rubio&lt;br /&gt;
:[Alaska is blue. All other states are red.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maps]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>172.68.211.88</name></author>	</entry>

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