explain xkcd - User contributions [en]

323: Ballmer Peak

2020-02-05T05:47:29Z

172.69.90.40: /* Explanation */ Fixed a misunderstanding. The paper only picked 0.075% to test against the control group, not that 0.075% is the peak. (In fact, there should be some variance between different people.)

{{comic
| number = 323
| date = October 1, 2007
| title = Ballmer Peak
| image = ballmer peak.png
| titletext = Apple uses automated schnapps IVs.
}}

==Explanation==
This comic is about alcohol and programming ability. Programmers sometimes have a reputation for drinking habits, and programmer gatherings (such as {{w|hackfest}}s) tend to offer copious amounts of alcohol. More generally, intoxicated programmers can [http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/2795/is-the-ballmer-peak-real get the impression that], by being a little disconnected from physical reality, they become more efficient at their programming. The comic is a take on this belief, with two references:
*In atomic physics, "{{w|Balmer series|Balmer peaks}}" (with one 'L') are peaks in the emission spectrum of hydrogen (named after the 19th century scientist Johann Balmer).
*{{w|Steve Ballmer}} (with two 'L') is a key figure of {{w|Microsoft}} and its CEO from 2000 to 2014; he is known for energetic outbursts and outlandish behavior in public (with some videos gone viral), which can give the impression that he is constantly intoxicated.

The curve in the comic suggests that, while generally decreasing with alcohol intoxication, at just the right level, the skill of a programmer gets terrific indeed. [[Randall]] named the peak after Steve Ballmer, as if discovered by him; this references the analogously named Balmer peaks (with one 'L'), and the idea that Steve Ballmer makes for an easy association of programming and alcohol. The peak of the curve occurs at a <abbr title="blood alcohol concentration">BAC</abbr> of 0.1337%, which is a reference to {{w|leet}}. (See this interview with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJOS0sV2a24#t=10m03s Randall]).

The end of the comic turns the whole idea into a sideways jab at {{w|Windows ME}}, a version of Microsoft Windows often criticized for being buggy, slow, and unstable: it suggests that ME was developed by programmers completely drunk, because their managers wanted to exploit this "Ballmer peak," but did so without any precaution. That idea fit the result of a buggy and unstable product well.

On the contrary, the title text claims that {{w|Apple Inc.|Apple}} uses this effect with careful calibration, by delivering precise quantities of alcohol ({{w|schnapps}}) to its programmers via {{w|intravenous therapy}} (IV).

An actual [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810012000037 research paper] published in March 2012 showed that the situation described in this comic is not far from reality. Researchers found that intoxicated participants performed better than sober participants on a test that evaluates creative problem solving skills, and were also more likely to evaluate their own solutions as insightful. However, the the study only tested a B.A.C. of 0.075%, not between 0.129% and 0.138% as displayed in the comic.

==Transcript==
:[A graph with "programming skill" on the Y-axis and "blood alcohol concentration" on the X-axis. The Y-axis slowly goes down, but spikes at 0.1337%.]
:[Cueball is making a presentation with the graph.]
:Cueball: Called the Ballmer Peak, it was discovered by Microsoft in the 80's. The cause is unknown but somehow a B.A.C between 0.129% and 0.138% confers superhuman programming ability.
:Cueball: However, it's a delicate effect requiring careful calibration – you can't just give a team of coders a year's supply of whiskey and tell them to get cracking.
:Spectator: ...Has that ever happened?
:Cueball: Remember Windows ME?
:Spectator: I <u>knew</u> it!

==Trivia==
In the above-mentioned speech at Google, [[Randall Munroe]] explained that he tried to experiment on himself about the relationship between alcohol intoxication and intellectual skills, by solving a {{w|Rubik's Cube}} repeatedly while getting more and more drunk. He eventually found that he could get deeply drunk without degrading very much his performance at solving the puzzle (contrary to, for instance, finding and picking up the Cube which became something of a problem towards the end). He suggested that the Rubik's Cube wasn't a good test to study this relationship, the cube probably being solved with muscle memory rather than real intellectual skills.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Comics with color]]
[[Category:Line graphs]]
[[Category:Programming]]

2221: Emulation

2019-10-29T03:25:10Z

172.69.90.40: /* Explanation */

{{comic
| number = 2221
| date = October 29, 2019
| title = Emulation
| image = emulation.png
| titletext = I laugh at the software as if I'm 100% confident that it's 2019.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by an OLD SOFTWARE THAT DOESN'T KNOW IT'S BEING EMULATED. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
In this comic, software that Cueball is emulating is having a conversation with Cueball, who is bemused by the fact that the software still thinks that it is the 1980s.

The first personal computers in the 1970s didn't have local storage, and indeed, even when it became common practice to include storage, it was often [https://www.computerworld.com/article/2473980/data-storage-solutions-143723-storage-now-and-then.html#slide6 very limited] for the everyday user's needs {{w|File:Hard drive capacity over time.svg|until the 2000s}}. Because of this, large programs such as games or specialized editors had much of their code reside on an external disk such as a floppy (traditionally drive A: on IBM-compatible PCs) or a CD-ROM (traditionally drive D: or E: on IBM-compatible PCs). However, the speed at which data could be loaded from such devices was {{w|List_of_interface_bit_rates#Storage|very slow}}, requiring anywhere from ten seconds to ten minutes to load a level or an advanced dialog box. Software, for this reason, had to be built around these limitations, incorporating some feedback mechanism to let the user know the program was proceeding as intended. These included animations or minigames which were sometimes timed to the exact time the loading took, since external drives were fairly consistent across manufacturers.

{{w|Emulation}} is a method to allow programs designed form one computer to run on another. In some cases, emulation is used to recreate much older computing environments. When emulating programs that assume their information is stored on external drives, the emulator requests the user to specify where the file is located (Cueball's click). However, on a modern computer with hundreds or thousands of Gigabytes of space, users of emulators often just keep those files locally (often even in the same directory), which makes them load near-instantaneously. This can lead to the loading feedback appearing to be comically sped up, so that in this case, the anthropomorphic program expresses surprise and remarks on the speed of the user's disk drive.

Cueball decides to not [https://knowyourphrase.com/burst-your-bubble burst his anthropomorphized program's bubble] and responds that the file loaded quickly because of a new floppy reader from {{w|Memorex}}, the industry leader in floppy disks and drives.

Programmers of the era often assumed either that conditions of the time would last longer than they did (such as {{w|Year 2000 problem|representing a year with two characters}}) or that the program wouldn't be used for long (such as a game portraying the president in the likeness of whoever was president at the time the program was made). In this case, the program casually asks how President Reagan is doing, further anthropomorphizing the program into a being that believes no time has passed since it was compiled (in contrast to [[2189: Old Game Worlds]]).

{{w|Ronald Reagan}} was the President of the United States from 1981-1989, when early PCs were on the rise. He passed away in 2004, 15 years before the publication of the comic. This is why Cueball seems slightly uncomfortable with [[222: Small Talk|noncommittally]] telling the software Reagan is "fine."

In the title text, Cueball references the {{w|Simulation hypothesis|living in a simulation}} trope, mentioning that it is not fully clear that he is actually living in 2019.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Cueball sits in a chair at a desk, using a laptop computer.]

:Software: Loading... please insert disk into drive A:
:Cueball: *click* There you go.
:Software: Thank you. Wow, this disk is incredibly fast!
:Cueball: Yeah, uh, it's the new model from Memorex.
:Software: Amazing. And how is President Reagan?
:Cueball: He's... he's fine.

[Caption under the panel]
:I feel weird using old software that doesn't know it's being emulated.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Computers]]

2221: Emulation

2019-10-29T03:23:51Z

172.69.90.40: /* Transcript */

{{comic
| number = 2221
| date = October 29, 2019
| title = Emulation
| image = emulation.png
| titletext = I laugh at the software as if I'm 100% confident that it's 2019.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by an OLD SOFTWARE THAT DOESN'T KNOW IT'S BEING EMULATED. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
In this comic, software that Cueball is emulating is having a conversation with Cueball, who is bemused by the fact that the software still thinks that it is the 1980s.

The first Personal Computers in the 1970s didn't have local storage, and indeed, even when it became common practice to include storage, it was often [https://www.computerworld.com/article/2473980/data-storage-solutions-143723-storage-now-and-then.html#slide6 very limited] for the everyday user's needs {{w|File:Hard drive capacity over time.svg|until the 2000s}}. Because of this, large programs such as games or specialized editors had much of their code reside on an external disk such as a floppy (traditionally drive A: on IBM-compatible PCs) or a CD-ROM (traditionally drive D: or E: on IBM-compatible PCs). However, the speed at which data could be loaded from such devices was {{w|List_of_interface_bit_rates#Storage|very slow}}, requiring anywhere from ten seconds to ten minutes to load a level or an advanced dialog box. Software, for this reason, had to be built around these limitations, incorporating some feedback mechanism to let the user know the program was proceeding as intended. These included animations or minigames which were sometimes timed to the exact time the loading took, since external drives were fairly consistent across manufacturers.

{{w|Emulation}} is a method to allow programs designed form one computer to run on another. In some cases, emulation is used to recreate much older computing environments. When emulating programs that assume their information is stored on external drives, the emulator requests the user to specify where the file is located (Cueball's click). However, on a modern computer with hundreds or thousands of Gigabytes of space, users of emulators often just keep those files locally (often even in the same directory), which makes them load near-instantaneously. This can lead to the loading feedback appearing to be comically sped up, which Cueball interprets as the program expressing surprise, and reads as the program remarking on the speed of his disk drive.

Cueball decides to not [https://knowyourphrase.com/burst-your-bubble burst his anthropomorphized program's bubble] and responds that the file loaded quickly because of a new floppy reader from {{w|Memorex}}, the industry leader in floppy disks and drives.

Programmers of the era often assumed either that conditions of the time would last longer than they did (such as {{w|Year 2000 problem|representing a year with two characters}}) or that the program wouldn't be used for long (such as a game portraying the president in the likeness of whoever was president at the time the program was made). In this case, the program casually asks how President Reagan is doing, further anthropomorphizing the program into a being that believes no time has passed since it was compiled (in contrast to [[2189: Old Game Worlds]]).

{{w|Ronald Reagan}} was the President of the United States from 1981-1989, when early PCs were on the rise. He passed away in 2004, 15 years before the publication of the comic. This is why Cueball seems slightly uncomfortable with [[222: Small Talk|noncommittally]] telling the software Reagan is "fine."

In the title text, Cueball references the {{w|Simulation hypothesis|living in a simulation}} trope, mentioning that it is not fully clear that he is actually living in 2019.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Cueball sits in a chair at a desk, using a laptop computer.]

:Software: Loading... please insert disk into drive A:
:Cueball: *click* There you go.
:Software: Thank you. Wow, this disk is incredibly fast!
:Cueball: Yeah, uh, it's the new model from Memorex.
:Software: Amazing. And how is President Reagan?
:Cueball: He's... he's fine.

[Caption under the panel]
:I feel weird using old software that doesn't know it's being emulated.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Computers]]

2221: Emulation

2019-10-29T03:22:48Z

172.69.90.40: /* Explanation */

{{comic
| number = 2221
| date = October 29, 2019
| title = Emulation
| image = emulation.png
| titletext = I laugh at the software as if I'm 100% confident that it's 2019.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by an OLD SOFTWARE THAT DOESN'T KNOW IT'S BEING EMULATED. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
In this comic, software that Cueball is emulating is having a conversation with Cueball, who is bemused by the fact that the software still thinks that it is the 1980s.

The first Personal Computers in the 1970s didn't have local storage, and indeed, even when it became common practice to include storage, it was often [https://www.computerworld.com/article/2473980/data-storage-solutions-143723-storage-now-and-then.html#slide6 very limited] for the everyday user's needs {{w|File:Hard drive capacity over time.svg|until the 2000s}}. Because of this, large programs such as games or specialized editors had much of their code reside on an external disk such as a floppy (traditionally drive A: on IBM-compatible PCs) or a CD-ROM (traditionally drive D: or E: on IBM-compatible PCs). However, the speed at which data could be loaded from such devices was {{w|List_of_interface_bit_rates#Storage|very slow}}, requiring anywhere from ten seconds to ten minutes to load a level or an advanced dialog box. Software, for this reason, had to be built around these limitations, incorporating some feedback mechanism to let the user know the program was proceeding as intended. These included animations or minigames which were sometimes timed to the exact time the loading took, since external drives were fairly consistent across manufacturers.

{{w|Emulation}} is a method to allow programs designed form one computer to run on another. In some cases, emulation is used to recreate much older computing environments. When emulating programs that assume their information is stored on external drives, the emulator requests the user to specify where the file is located (Cueball's click). However, on a modern computer with hundreds or thousands of Gigabytes of space, users of emulators often just keep those files locally (often even in the same directory), which makes them load near-instantaneously. This can lead to the loading feedback appearing to be comically sped up, which Cueball interprets as the program expressing surprise, and reads as the program remarking on the speed of his disk drive.

Cueball decides to not [https://knowyourphrase.com/burst-your-bubble burst his anthropomorphized program's bubble] and responds that the file loaded quickly because of a new floppy reader from {{w|Memorex}}, the industry leader in floppy disks and drives.

Programmers of the era often assumed either that conditions of the time would last longer than they did (such as {{w|Year 2000 problem|representing a year with two characters}}) or that the program wouldn't be used for long (such as a game portraying the president in the likeness of whoever was president at the time the program was made). In this case, the program casually asks how President Reagan is doing, further anthropomorphizing the program into a being that believes no time has passed since it was compiled (in contrast to [[2189: Old Game Worlds]]).

{{w|Ronald Reagan}} was the President of the United States from 1981-1989, when early PCs were on the rise. He passed away in 2004, 15 years before the publication of the comic. This is why Cueball seems slightly uncomfortable with [[222: Small Talk|noncommittally]] telling the software Reagan is "fine."

In the title text, Cueball references the {{w|Simulation hypothesis|living in a simulation}} trope, mentioning that it is not fully clear that he is actually living in 2019.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Cueball working on a laptop computer]

* Software: Loading... please insert disk into drive A:
* Cueball: *click* There you go.
* Software: Thank you. Wow, this disk is incredibly fast!
* Cueball: Yeah, uh, it's the new model from Memorex.
* Software: Amazing. And how is President Reagan?
* Cueball: He's... he's fine.

:[Caption under the panel]
:I feel weird using old software that doesn't know it's being emulated.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Computers]]

2220: Imagine Going Back in Time

2019-10-25T19:24:08Z

172.69.90.40: /* Transcript */

{{comic
| number = 2220
| date = October 25, 2019
| title = Imagine Going Back in Time
| image = imagine_going_back_in_time.png
| titletext = I wonder what the trendy adults in 2019 who are too cool for Pokemon will be into. Probably Digimon!
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a BOT. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Megan and Cueball standing, facing each other.]
:Cueball: Ugh. A player named "Reelect Trump 2020" put a frog Pokemon in the gym next to mine.

[Megan puts her hand to her face. Cueball is holding a handheld device with an antenna.]
:Megan: Imagine going back in time and saying that to yourself 20 years ago.
:Cueball: Oh, I have a time machine! I'll try that.

[sound effect between panels]
:BZZZZT

[panel caption: 1999]
[Two Cueballs standing, facing each other. The one on the right, from 2019, is holding the handheld device.]
:Cueball from 2019: ... next to mine.

[Cueball from 1999 is shown, with Cueball from 2019 speaking off panel.]
:Cueball from 1999: I see. Pokemon is still popular in 2019?
:Cueball from 2019: Yeah.

[Both Cueballs again, with Cueball from 2019 holding his arm in a threatening gesture toward Cueball from 1999.]
:Cueball from 1999: And it's cool for people your age to play it?
:Cueball from 2019: OK, I did not come here to be mocked.
:Cueball from 1999: This is a sobering cautionary tale.
:Cueball from 2019: '''Listen, self...'''

{{comic discussion}}

2180: Spreadsheets

2019-07-24T21:11:01Z

172.69.90.40: /* Transcript */

{{comic
| number = 2180
| date = July 24, 2019
| title = Spreadsheets
| image = spreadsheets.png
| titletext = My brother once asked me if there was a function to produce a calendar grid from a list of dates in Google Sheets. I replied with a single-cell formula that took in a list of dates and outputted a calendar. It used SEQUENCE(), REGEXMATCH(), and a double-nested ARRAYFORMULA(), and it locked up the browser for 15 seconds every time it ran. I think he learned a lot about asking me things.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a REGEXREPLACE(). Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Cueball is at his computer. In the air on either side of him are an angel version of Cueball, with a halo and wings, and a devil version of Cueball, with horns and a pitchfork.]
[The angel's dialogue appears in regular print, while the devil's dialogue appears in white print in black speech balloons.]
:Angel: Don't use a spreadsheet! Do it '''''right'''''.
:Devil: But a spreadsheet would be so ''easy''.
:Angel: In the long run you'll regret it!

[Closeup on Cueball, the angel, and the devil.]
:Angel: Take the time to write ''real'' code.
:Devil: Just paste the data! Tinker until it works!
:Devil: Build a labyrinth of REGEXREPLACE() and ARRAYFORMULA()!
:Devil: ''Feel the power!''

[Closeup on the devil.]
:Angel (off-panel): Fight the temptation!
:Devil: Ever tried QUERY() in Google Sheets? It lets you treat a block of cells like a database and run SQL queries on them.

[Another shot of Cueball at his computer with the angel and devil at either side.]
:Angel: Don't listen to--
:Angel: ... wait, really?
:Devil: Yes, and let me tell you about IMPORTHTML() ...
:Angel: ''Oooh...''

{{comic discussion}}

2180: Spreadsheets

2019-07-24T21:10:39Z

172.69.90.40: /* Transcript */

{{comic
| number = 2180
| date = July 24, 2019
| title = Spreadsheets
| image = spreadsheets.png
| titletext = My brother once asked me if there was a function to produce a calendar grid from a list of dates in Google Sheets. I replied with a single-cell formula that took in a list of dates and outputted a calendar. It used SEQUENCE(), REGEXMATCH(), and a double-nested ARRAYFORMULA(), and it locked up the browser for 15 seconds every time it ran. I think he learned a lot about asking me things.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a REGEXREPLACE(). Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Cueball is at his computer. In the air on either side of him are an angel version of Cueball, with a halo and wings, and a devil version of Cueball, with horns and a pitchfork.]
{The angel's dialogue appears in regular print, while the devil's dialogue appears in white print in black speech balloons.]
:Angel: Don't use a spreadsheet! Do it '''''right'''''.
:Devil: But a spreadsheet would be so ''easy''.
:Angel: In the long run you'll regret it!

[Closeup on Cueball, the angel, and the devil.]
:Angel: Take the time to write ''real'' code.
:Devil: Just paste the data! Tinker until it works!
:Devil: Build a labyrinth of REGEXREPLACE() and ARRAYFORMULA()!
:Devil: ''Feel the power!''

[Closeup on the devil.]
:Angel (off-panel): Fight the temptation!
:Devil: Ever tried QUERY() in Google Sheets? It lets you treat a block of cells like a database and run SQL queries on them.

[Another shot of Cueball at his computer with the angel and devil at either side.]
:Angel: Don't listen to--
:Angel: ... wait, really?
:Devil: Yes, and let me tell you about IMPORTHTML() ...
:Angel: ''Oooh...''

{{comic discussion}}

2180: Spreadsheets

2019-07-24T21:07:27Z

172.69.90.40: /* Transcript */

{{comic
| number = 2180
| date = July 24, 2019
| title = Spreadsheets
| image = spreadsheets.png
| titletext = My brother once asked me if there was a function to produce a calendar grid from a list of dates in Google Sheets. I replied with a single-cell formula that took in a list of dates and outputted a calendar. It used SEQUENCE(), REGEXMATCH(), and a double-nested ARRAYFORMULA(), and it locked up the browser for 15 seconds every time it ran. I think he learned a lot about asking me things.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a REGEXREPLACE(). Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

[Cueball is at his computer. In the air on either side of him are an angel version of Cueball, with a halo and wings, and a devil version of Cueball, with horns and a pitchfork.]
:Angel: Don't use a spreadsheet! Do it '''''right'''''.
:Devil: But a spreadsheet would be so ''easy''.
:Angel: In the long run you'll regret it!

[Closeup on Cueball, the angel, and the devil.]
:Angel: Take the time to write ''real'' code.
:Devil: Just paste the data! Tinker until it works!
:Devil: Build a labyrinth of REGEXREPLACE() and ARRAYFORMULA()!
:Devil: ''Feel the power!''

[Closeup on the devil.]
:Angel (off-panel): Fight the temptation!
:Devil: Ever tried QUERY() in Google Sheets? It lets you treat a block of cells like a database and run SQL queries on them.

[Another shot of Cueball at his computer with the angel and devil at either side.]
:Angel: Don't listen to--
:Angel: ... wait, really?
:Devil: Yes, and let me tell you about IMPORTHTML() ...
:Angel: ''Oooh...''

{{comic discussion}}

Talk:2009: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

2018-06-20T16:20:07Z

172.69.90.40:

How the heck is a lava cake more luminous than a campfire? {{unsigned ip|108.162.219.28}}
:It's Lava Lake, as in a large puddle of lava.[[User:Cgrimes85|Cgrimes85]] ([[User talk:Cgrimes85|talk]]) 15:45, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

As it's a logarithmic scale, is it more correct to say the plot been expanded to 1 on both axes? [[User:Cgrimes85|Cgrimes85]] ([[User talk:Cgrimes85|talk]]) 15:47, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

It seems Randall thinks an astronomer is about as bright as a lightbulb, probably due to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram itself! [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 15:52, 20 June 2018 (UTC)
:A daily food consumption of average human is about 100W when spread out over 24 hours

While wattage is used as an informal proxy for bulb brightness, there is not a 1-to-1 relationship between power consumption and light output. Incandescent bulbs in the United States were commonly labeled with both watts consumed and lumens output to aid consumers in choosing efficient bulbs.

Talk:1988: Containers

2018-05-02T19:35:42Z

172.69.90.40:

Pretty much a description of my social interactions ... [[User:Cosmogoblin|Cosmogoblin]] ([[User talk:Cosmogoblin|talk]]) 17:51, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
:Pretty much a description of all my "useful" programs. {{unsigned|Linker}}

I feel the thrust of this comic is partly “people use docker because they don’t know how to do things properly”; notably such people get tasks done easier and faster, but their work involves wasting a lot of computing reaources to do small tasks inside entire emulated systems. Agree? Disagree? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.62.153|162.158.62.153]] 18:59, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

I don't know if its just docker, almost any time I've gone to build mobile anything the API needs new libraries, their "secure" connecting functions must be used, or some other blackbox MUST be /glued/ to my work. If I don't stay on top of every platform, this in and of itself is a head ache I can't imagine what it'd be like if I had to learn and comply with the content of these libraries.