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		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=173.245.56.162</id>
		<title>explain xkcd - User contributions [en]</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-16T20:23:55Z</updated>
		<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1594:_Human_Subjects&amp;diff=103949</id>
		<title>1594: Human Subjects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1594:_Human_Subjects&amp;diff=103949"/>
				<updated>2015-10-25T04:14:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;173.245.56.162: /* Explanation */ gm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1594&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 23, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Human Subjects&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = human_subjects.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = After meeting with a few of the subjects, the IRB actually recommended that you stop stressing out so much about safety guidelines.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This strip plays on certain experiments involving {{w|Human subject research|human subjects}}. [[Ponytail]] is questioning the reliability of [[Megan]]'s experimental results, given that her human subjects appear to be extremely unusual and highly {{w|sociopathic}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the second panel, she mentions that several people in one study had been arrested for {{w|arson}}. Megan begins to suggest that the arson is a {{w|side effect}} of whatever is being tested before she learns that the arsonists are in the {{w|Treatment and control groups|control group}} – that is, the group that is ''not'' subjected to whatever is being tested and is used as a comparison to see the differences in the people who are actually being tested. This result is &amp;quot;troubling&amp;quot;, as the control group would not be expected to have such a high rate of incidence of arsonists. The implication is that her subjects are not representative of the general population, but appear to have been selected from some aberrant subpopulation, such as a prison or mental institution. Or she could have recruited them through an announcement that catered in some way to arsonists. An alternate explanation comes from comic [[790: Control]], in which [[Randall]] notes his hobby of sneaking into experiments and giving LSD to the control groups.  Yet another explanation could be that Ponytail went looking for some clusters of characteristics in the sample population, which had no connection to the study criteria, and happened upon the arson arrests - such clusters are expected if you look at enough different characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third panel alludes to the {{w|prisoner's dilemma}}, in which two subjects must independently decide whether to &amp;quot;collaborate&amp;quot; with or &amp;quot;betray&amp;quot; the other subject based on different rewards for each choice (often framed as a different length of prison sentence, or a different amount of money). The rewards tier are selected so that the outcomes for each individual from best to worst are: betraying a collaborator, collaborating with a collaborator, betraying a betrayer, collaborating with a betrayer.&lt;br /&gt;
The thought experiment is considered interesting as it's uncertain what the most logical course of action, as choosing betrayal always improves one's situation, yet being in identical situations with no knowledge of each other, it's also logical for both prisoners to make the same choice and both collaborating is better than both betraying. Of course, it would not be expected that normal people would simply betray each other for no reason, without benefiting from it in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The last panel references the {{w|Milgram experiment}}, in which subjects were instructed by experimenters to administer electric shocks to an unseen third party.  The unseen third party was part of the experiment and pretended to be in agony.  As shocks escalated they would beg for them to stop. The results suggest that people will continue to administer harm, despite the pleading of the victim, simply if told to do so by an authority figure, even when no incentive is provided to the subject to continue. In this case, however, the actual experiment did not involve electric shocks, and thus suggests that the subjects, of their own volition, brought equipment to produce electric shock and simply engaged in the activity unprompted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In each of these cases, the subjects seem to have some &amp;quot;negative&amp;quot; psychological traits. While one or two people with such traits might not be unusual to be found in a randomly selected group, the fact that all three experiments contain multiple subjects with these traits (and seemingly the same traits in each study) is very unusual.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to safety procedures normally required by {{w|institutional review board}}s, which are centralized groups within universities that ensure that experiments are ethical and safe. The inference is that for an IRB to recommend dispensing with safety procedures after meeting the subjects, the subjects must really, ''really'' deserve bad treatment.  Or the members of the IRB are, like the human subjects, just sociopathically awful people. Or that Megan is selecting for these subjects, or causing these abnormalities, as a side effect of spending (probably significantly) more effort than is necessary to adhere to the procedures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail and Megan sit at a desk.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: We're concerned that some of your results may be tainted by the fact that your human subjects are ''awful''.&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: What do you mean?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail picks up a sheet of paper.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: Several participants in your drug trial were arrested for arson.&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: Side effects can be unpredictable.&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: They were in the control group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Zoom in on Ponytail.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: In your prisoner's dilemma study, 80% of the participants chose to betray their partners '''''before''''' the experimenter had a chance to tell them about the reward.&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan (off-panel): Definitely troubling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail shows Megan another sheet of paper.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: In one experiment, your subjects repeatedly gave electric shocks to a stranger in another room.&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: That's a famous psychological-&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: This was a study of moisturizing creams!&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: Yes, we're not sure how they snuck in all that equipment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>173.245.56.162</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:324:_Tapping&amp;diff=92797</id>
		<title>Talk:324: Tapping</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:324:_Tapping&amp;diff=92797"/>
				<updated>2015-05-08T11:33:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;173.245.56.162: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;- What can we learn from this? - I've learned that even when we are bored, we can still find lessons all around us. Such as a lesson in variable density of any surface (in this case, wood) and a new method of entertainment (thank you Mr. XKCD). - [[User:E-inspired|E-inspired]] ([[User talk:E-inspired|talk]]) 16:40, 28 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
I expected a veloceraptor. Just saying.--[[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.162|173.245.56.162]] 11:33, 8 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>173.245.56.162</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1509:_Scenery_Cheat_Sheet&amp;diff=89101</id>
		<title>1509: Scenery Cheat Sheet</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1509:_Scenery_Cheat_Sheet&amp;diff=89101"/>
				<updated>2015-04-08T15:17:02Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;173.245.56.162: Update /Blues Brothers/ location.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1509&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = April 8, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Scenery Cheat Sheet&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = scenery cheat sheet.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = At the boundary between each zone, stories blend together. Somewhere in the New Mexico desert, the Roadrunner is pursued by a tireless Anton Chigurh.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Incomplete|Only just started page.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{w|GeoGuessr}} is a game using {{w|Google Street View|StreetView}} images that drops the player in a random location and challenges them to work out where they are. It is also referenced in [[1214: Geoguessr]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[title text]] references ''{{w|Anton Chigurh}}'' (portrayed by Javier Bardem), who is the main antagonist of the film ''{{w|No Country For Old Men}}''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that this is a map of where the stories are set, not where they were filmed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
===Title===&lt;br /&gt;
:A '''cheat sheet''' for&lt;br /&gt;
:figuring out where in the US you are&lt;br /&gt;
:by recognizing the background from movies&lt;br /&gt;
:(for use by GeoGuessr players and crash-landed astronauts)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Map===&lt;br /&gt;
[From top left, left to right, top to bottom]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Movie Title&lt;br /&gt;
! Setting for Movie&lt;br /&gt;
! Actual Filming Location(s)&lt;br /&gt;
! Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Twilight (film)| Twilight}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Fifty Shades of Grey (film)|50 Shades of Grey}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Dances with Wolves}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Starship Troopers (film)|Starship Troopers}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Fargo (film)|Fargo}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Wild Wild West|Wild Wild West}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The southwest area&lt;br /&gt;
| Tuscon, Arizona; Santa Fe, New Mexico; Pierce, Idaho&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Sandlot|The Sandlot}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Suburban Los Angeles &lt;br /&gt;
| Salt Lake City, Utah&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Napoleon Dynamite|Napoleon Dynamite}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Preston, Idaho&lt;br /&gt;
| Preston, Idaho&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Brokeback Mountain|Brokeback Mountain}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Oregon Trail (video_game)|Oregon Trail}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|Video Game, not a film&lt;br /&gt;
| Might be referring to film &amp;quot;{{w|The Oregon Trail (1936 film)}}&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Interstellar (film)|Interstellar}} (Earth parts)&lt;br /&gt;
|  rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;quot;Earth Parts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Star Trek (film)|Star Trek (2009)}} (Earth parts)&lt;br /&gt;
| Iowa&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;quot;Earth Parts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Field of Dreams|Field of Dreams}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Dyersville, IA&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Music Man (1962 film)|The Music Man}}&lt;br /&gt;
| River City, IA&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Blues Brothers (film)|Blues Brothers}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
| Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|A Christmas Story|A Christmas Story}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Jack &amp;amp; Diane|That song about Jack and Diane}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|8 Mile (film)|8 Mile}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Wayne County, Michigan&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Western Pennsylvania and New York&lt;br /&gt;
| Woodstock, IL&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|My Side of the Mountain|My Side of the Mountain (book)}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Adriondack Mountains, NY&lt;br /&gt;
| Catskill mountains, near Delhi, NY&lt;br /&gt;
| The area shown on the map is actually the Adirondack mountains, not the Catskills. I suspect this is an error.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Super Troopers|Super Troopers}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Vermont, NY (&amp;quot;Somewhere near the border&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Pet Semetary|Pet Semetary}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|What About Bob?|What about Bob}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Lake Winnipesaukee, NH&lt;br /&gt;
|Smith Mountain Lake, VA&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Departed|The Departed}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Signs (film)|Signs}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Village (2004 film)|The Village}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds (2005)}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Also referenced in [[556: Alternative Energy Revolution]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Jaws (film)|Jaws}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Amity Island (stand-in for Martha's Vineyard)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Rock (film)|The Rock}}&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Alcatraz Island}}&lt;br /&gt;
| {{W|Alcatraz Island}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Zodiac (film)|Zodiac}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Sideways|That movie about wine &amp;amp; talking}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| He clearly means ''Sideways''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Top Gun|Top Gun}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Independence Day (1996 film)|Part of Independence Day}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Wile E. Coyote and The Road Runner|Roadrunner cartoons}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|Animated, not filmed&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Kansas, Oz&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| The Judy Garland version, presumably. The earth parts.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Twister (1996 film)|Twister}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Anything by {{w|Mark Twain}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Walk the Line|Walk the Line}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|October Sky|October Sky}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| East Tennessee&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Dirty Dancing|Dirty Dancing}}&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Catskill Mountains|Catskill Mountains}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [Generic City]&lt;br /&gt;
| Washington DC, Baltimore, New York City, Philadelphia&lt;br /&gt;
| N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Deep Impact (film)|Deep Impact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Atlantic Ocean&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Forrest Gump|Forrest Gump}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Alabama&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|List of most expensive films|Every movie with a big budget...}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|Hollywood, CA&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Truman Show|The Truman Show}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;but with desert in the background&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|No Country for Old Men (film)|No Country for Old Men}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|True Grit (1969 film)|True Grit}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Or the {{w|True Grit (2010 film)|2010 version}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Office Space|Office Space}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Dazed and Confused (film)|Dazed and Confused}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Kill Bill|Kill Bill}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Duck Dynasty|Duck Dynasty}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Princess and the Frog|Princess and the Frog}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|Animated, not filmed&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|All Dogs Go to Heaven|All Dogs go to Heaven}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Animated, not filmed&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Big Fish|Big Fish}}&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|O Brother, Where Art Thou?|O Brother Where Art Thou}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Beasts of the Southern Wild|Beasts of the Southern Wild}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|The Truman Show|The Truman Show}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Northern Florida&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Seaside, Florida|Seaside, Florida}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Adaptation (film)|Adaptation}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Miami Vice|Miami Vice}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Miami&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| Or the {{w|Miami Vice (film)|film}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://geoguessr.com/ GeoGuessr's official website]&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maps]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>173.245.56.162</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=980:_Money&amp;diff=77878</id>
		<title>980: Money</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=980:_Money&amp;diff=77878"/>
				<updated>2014-10-26T20:43:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;173.245.56.162: /* Explanation */ Moving the clarification of the 82 boxes = $1billion from the talk section to the actual article.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 980&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = November 21, 2011&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Money&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = money.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = There, I showed you it.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
As usual, click the date above the comic to go to the XKCD page, and by clicking on the image on XKCD there is a link to an [http://xkcd.com/980/huge/ interactive] and '''much''' larger image. From there the [http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/money_huge.png full image] can be found via a link (it is a PNG of considerable size: 12528x8352 pixels).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Incomplete|Incomplete. The transcript also has to be fixed.}}&lt;br /&gt;
This is another [[:Category:Charts|chart]] comic - a type of comic that [[Randall]] does from time to time. He has for instance done [[Online Communities|maps of the Internet]] ([[Online Communities 2|twice]]!) and other huge visualizations like this chart for [http://xkcd.com/radiation/ radiation] with a similar structure as this chart where money is the subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the chart there are five boxes with items on different scales of monetary value. Each scale of dollar increments are different colors. One dollar increments are green - naturally, because American paper money is green. Thousands are Orange/Red. Millions are gray. Billions are yellow. Trillions are blue. This comic uses {{w|Long and short scales|the short scale}} for naming large numbers (so a billion = 1000 millions = 10^9 rather than a million millions = 10^12 as in continental Europe).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the Billions box there is a vague term called the &amp;quot;Economic Vortex&amp;quot; as well as arrows that flow between different blocks of this box. This is to show where the money goes. Where it is collected from, and where it is distributed to.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is a reference to the phrase &amp;quot;Show me the money!&amp;quot; which originates from the film ''{{w|Jerry Maguire}}''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Dollars&lt;br /&gt;
*Middle-left: Pet Ownership. The {{w|ASPCA}} is the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.&lt;br /&gt;
*Bottom-right: Four boxes indicate that the CEO pay has skyrocketed from $490.31 (hourly) to $5,419.97 (hourly) in the same time period in which the average worker's salary has skyrocketed 10 cents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Thousands&lt;br /&gt;
*Top-right: Hogwarts degree: a reference to {{w|Hogwarts|Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardy}} from the popular book series by {{w|J.K. Rowling}} about {{w|Harry Potter}}. One box is the estimated yearly tuition for the school and the next is how much seven years at the school would cost. To get a degree at the school, it takes 7 years (starting at age 11, ending at age 18).&lt;br /&gt;
*Bottom: A reference to the song by {{w|Bare Naked Ladies}} entitled &amp;quot;{{w|If I Had $1000000}}&amp;quot; and all the things referenced in the song to buy the love of another person.&lt;br /&gt;
*Bottom: A few items on the marriage of {{w|Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton|Kate Middleton and Prince William}}, the major royal wedding of 2011, including:&lt;br /&gt;
**a {{w|Wedding dress of Kate Middleton|wedding dress with its own Wikipedia page}} of 3 times the annual per capita income of the average UK person,&lt;br /&gt;
**an 8-tier [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1381944/Royal-Wedding-cake-Kate-Middleton-requested-8-tiers-decorated-900-flowers.html wedding cake],&lt;br /&gt;
**and the flowers for the wedding. These re-appear in the Millions section of the graph, where they also list the costs for the security around the event ($20 million).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Millions&lt;br /&gt;
*Middle-right: another reference to JK Rowling, comparing her (actual $1 billion) net worth as an author with her (imagined $82,000) net worth as a rapper. The magnified 82 orange/red ($1,000) boxes are footnoted &amp;quot;Professional assessment by rapper/geek culture expert MC Frontalot.&amp;quot;  {{w|MC Front-A-Lot}} is the creator of the subgenre of {{w|hip-hop}} known as {{w|Nerd Core}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Billions&lt;br /&gt;
*Top-Left: Billionaires section: Fictional Billionaires sub-section:&lt;br /&gt;
**{{w|Carlisle Cullen}} is from the {{w|Twilight (series)|Twilight Series}} of books and movies. He is a vampire and adoptive father of {{w|Edward Cullen|Edward}}, {{w|Emmett Cullen|Emmett}} and {{w|Alice Cullen (Twilight)|Alice Cullen}}, as well as {{w|Rosalie Hale|Rosalie}} and {{w|Jasper Hale}}. He was born in the 1640s and amassed his wealth through many years of compound interest and investments.&lt;br /&gt;
**{{w|Scrooge McDuck}} is a cartoon character from many {{w|Disney}} properties including the afternoon cartoon, {{w|Duck Tales}}. Scrooge McDuck has a &amp;quot;money bin&amp;quot; full of coins and other sorts of collectibles that he routinely [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMU2NwaaXEA goes swimming in].&lt;br /&gt;
**{{w|Bruce Wayne}} is {{w|Batman}}. {{w|Batman}} is {{w|Bruce Wayne}}. He is portrayed in many comic books, graphic novels, TV shows and movies by many different actors.&lt;br /&gt;
**{{w|Artemis Fowl II|Artemis Fowl}} is an Irish child prodigy and a ruthless master criminal from the {{w|Artemis Fowl (series)|eponymous book series}}. He uses his intelligence to build his family fortune through crime.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Trillions&lt;br /&gt;
As Randall already indicated in the transcript, this is the block for world, continent and nation finances. The numbers are really huge.&lt;br /&gt;
There are no jokes in here (apart from the fact that Randall tried to make the shapes of the GDP look like the continent), likely because financial values this large aren't funny to start with.&lt;br /&gt;
*GDP is {{w|Gross domestic product}}, the market value of all goods and services produced in a nation.&lt;br /&gt;
**The major chart in the center shows the development of the GDP in the world since the 1940s. So far the US GDP has always grown, except for a small reduction in the early 1980s, a flat line around the 1991 global recession and a flat line in the second half of the naughts. The world-wide GDP is growing more rapidly, but is also much more volatile.&lt;br /&gt;
*In the middle of the box, it shows the worth of all gold ever mined in 2011 prices. This is important because of the concept of the {{w|Gold standard}}, a concept where monetary values are linked to the value of gold. As indicated in the top-right of the box, both the EU and the USA have more debt than the total value of all gold in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
*{{w|Derivatives}} are a complex financial instrument where one is not trading in something tangible, but in derived values - like options. Derivatives thus are dangerous as one trades in concepts instead of values. Critics claim that derivatives are at the base of the 'economic bubble'.&lt;br /&gt;
**The growth of the derivatives market size is incredible - more than doubling every four years. The derivatives market thus is much larger than the GDP of the entire world.&lt;br /&gt;
*We get a reference to [http://landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/127 a proposed project to power the world] by erecting massive solar farms out in the deserts. The area of Texas alone would be enough to match almost all of our modern power costs (though the people who live in Texas wouldn't enjoy being displaced).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[This transcript is only reproducing text visible on the [http://www.xkcd.com/980/ front page comic].]&lt;br /&gt;
:[Title panel at the top left has one large heading, and then it is possible to read the first and third out of five lines (but not for instance the second line which is just the word &amp;quot;almost&amp;quot;):] &lt;br /&gt;
:'''Money'''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:A chart of&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:all of it&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:[Below this there are 5 large panels, each with a series of plots, comparing the values of various things. The only clearly visible text is the title of each panel written in white on black background at the top of each panel]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:[The first section covers single coffees up to the hourly salaries of CEOs. It is located below the title panel and there are a lot of green groups marked by unreadable text.]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Dollars''' &lt;br /&gt;
:[The next section discusses values from around $1000 to $1,000,000, including a dissection of the song If I had $1000000. It is located directly below the Dollars section and has mainly orange groups (but also some gren) marked by unreadable text.]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Thousands'''&lt;br /&gt;
:[The third section focuses on $1,000,000 to $1,000,000,000, with a large section on campaign contributions of American political presidential campaigns, values of expensive works of art, and J. K. Rowling. It is located to the right of the Thousands section below the Billions section and there are a lot of gray groups (but also some orange) marked by unreadable text.]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Millions'''&lt;br /&gt;
:[The fourth section gets into larger scale finances, profits of various sectors, costs of natural disasters, and net worths of the richest people on the planet. Also, Donald Trump. It is located to the right of the Dollars section and above both the Millions and Trillions section and has mainly yellow groups (but also some gray and red) all marked by unreadable text. There are, however, a few large headings that can be read:]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Billions'''&lt;br /&gt;
:Education&lt;br /&gt;
:The Economic (...?)&lt;br /&gt;
:US household income&lt;br /&gt;
:Federal budget&lt;br /&gt;
:[In the last panel global financial status is described. It discusses derivatives, liquid assets, public debt by nation and GDP by continent, culminating with the total economic production of the human race to date. It is located below the Billions section to the right of the Millions section and has mainly cyan groups (but also one yellow) all marked by unreadable text.]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Trillions''' &lt;br /&gt;
:['''For the full transcript of the [http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/money_huge.png huge image] see [[980: Money/Transcript]].''']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*XKCD comics are usually posted at, or around, midnight Eastern time the day of the comic (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). This one was posted at about noon on Monday&lt;br /&gt;
*Most of the amounts has a [http://xkcd.com/980/sources/ source at XKCDS]. In the dollars section there is an [[980: Money/Transcript#Important notes|important note]] that at every possible opportunity Randall used a scholarly work or government publication as a source.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Large drawings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Velociraptors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Playpen balls]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Star Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>173.245.56.162</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1390:_Research_Ethics&amp;diff=70979</id>
		<title>Talk:1390: Research Ethics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1390:_Research_Ethics&amp;diff=70979"/>
				<updated>2014-07-04T19:18:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;173.245.56.162: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;I was expecting something else for a comic on July 4th. &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[User:MrGameZone|0100011101100001011011010110010101011010011011110110111001100101]] ([[User talk:MrGameZone|talk page]])&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; 05:16, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Not every xkcd fan is from the US, Randall has to keep the comics global.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.210.242|108.162.210.242]] 06:04, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''&amp;quot;Randall writes &amp;quot;what&amp;quot; twice, which is a classic optical illusion.&amp;quot;'' So - did it he do this on purpose (I fail to see the connection with the subject), or is it just the explanation of why he missed the typo he made? [[User:Jkrstrt|Jkrstrt]] ([[User talk:Jkrstrt|talk]]) 07:03, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's very deliberate. The illusion demonstrates what the brain chooses not to see. Facebook is making some content not visible to us as an experiment. There really is far less subtext to this than you think there is. There isn't some deep meaning. It was an experiment to see if we would see it. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.152|173.245.56.152]] 07:09, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:People here believe Randall is God. They think that even his mistakes are very deliberate. Fortunately now we know for sure he made a mistake, because he corrected it after a few hours. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.50.84|173.245.50.84]] 16:23, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My version of the comic does not have the repeating what. Either it was a typo that has been fixed or there are 2 versions of the comic and Randall is performing his own experiment to judge our reactions to the different comics (I didnt sign any agreements.)[[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.183|173.245.54.183]] 13:31, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Similarly, what the text is saying is we have no right to peer into the algorithms that do that snooping because it belongs to Facebook and it wouldn't be fair to them for us to see it.&amp;quot;  I think the title text is actually saying the opposite.  &amp;quot;it's not like we could just demand to see the code that's &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;governing our lives&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;quot;.  It looks like it's being sarcastic, since anything that runs our lives should be our business by default.  [[Special:Contributions/108.162.237.161|108.162.237.161]] 08:05, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Then again, it's not really supposed to be governing our lives, is it? Any impact it has your life is because you gave it the permissions and information to do so, which was voluntary (by sharing your selfies and rants under their terms) and not mandated by an overreaching government. I agree that the text is sarcastic, but in a different way than you mentioned. [[Special:Contributions/103.22.201.239|103.22.201.239]] 10:05, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I was reading the title text to be a reference to open source code and the more zealous belief that ALL code should be open source.  Not necessarily making a comment on it, so much as trying to raise the point (almost as a troll) to compare privacy concerns with access to source code.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.91|108.162.216.91]] 08:10, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I read it the same way. Seems more of a comment on how if this was under the GNU AGPL then it wouldn't have been a surprise, and people would know just what they were getting into. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.162|173.245.56.162]] 19:18, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
I read it and couldn't understand what what she was saying. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.222.50|108.162.222.50]] 08:37, 4 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I read the title text as bitter sarcasm. And it plays in to the message in another comic, I don't know which, about someone being warned not to place his private information in the custody of another without strict limits on the power of that other. (I'm playing the world's tiniest violin&amp;quot; was the punch line on that one. Also used by The Kids In the Hall!) &lt;br /&gt;
The impact by those who manage and manipulate information is seldom clear and both it's motivation and it's impact on our decisions remains not only largely unnoticed in daily life but also unknowable. Just because we give control of information to another doesn't mean we agree to be either a lab rat or open to manipulation by them whether we recognize it or not. Whether it's someone trying to achieve power (government) or someone trying to earn a profit (business), the burden-of-proof should be on them that the effect is benign. I know this sounds a bit Ayn Randian, a person whose politics I deeply distrust, but even scary people can get things right some of the time.[[User:ExternalMonolog|ExternalMonolog]] ([[User talk:ExternalMonolog|talk]]) 11:51, 4 July 2014 (UTC)ExternalMonolog&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is an oblique reference to the implications of recent SCOTUS ruling on corporations having similar rights as people (albeit to do with religion, as opposed to privacy), no? {{unsigned ip|108.162.228.41}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The SCOTUS ruling follows a US Supreme Court decision in the late 19th century that &amp;quot;A corporation is a person&amp;quot;. Ironically, the justification for this ruling was based on a law clerk's note in the margin of a previous decision stating that the said previous decision could create the situation where a corporation has the same rights as a person.  The decision at hand was to decide the validity of a presidential election and the the Supreme Court took the notes made by the clerk as law. it's clear the court knew what it's ruling meant, but it's not clear what the courts motivation was for accepting the clerks notes as if it had been an already rendered decision![[User:ExternalMonolog|ExternalMonolog]] ([[User talk:ExternalMonolog|talk]]) 11:51, 4 July 2014 (UTC)ExternalMonolog&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic has some relationship to http://xkcd.com/1150/. {{unsigned ip|141.101.103.215}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm pretty sure &amp;quot;the code that governs our lives&amp;quot; (or my life, at least) is DNA, not the computer code running your favorite social network.----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The comic I mentioned in an above comment is Infrastructures http://xkcd.com/743/ [[User:ExternalMonolog|ExternalMonolog]] ([[User talk:ExternalMonolog|talk]]) 12:28, 4 July 2014 (UTC)ExternalMonolog&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>173.245.56.162</name></author>	</entry>

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