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| titletext = This is probably the first projection in cartographic history that can be criticized for its disproportionate focus on Finland, Mongolia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
 
| titletext = This is probably the first projection in cartographic history that can be criticized for its disproportionate focus on Finland, Mongolia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
 
}}
 
}}
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*A [http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/bad_map_projection_time_zones_2x.png bigger version] of this image can be found by clicking the image at the comic on [https://xkcd.com xkcd.com].
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*A [http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/bad_map_projection_time_zones_2x.png double sized version] of this image can be found by clicking the image at xkcd.com - the comic's page can also be accessed by clicking on the comic number above.
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*Recent comics always have a larger (often the original) drawing using ''_2x'' added to the file name to indicate a different size. Modern browsers decide which resolution is shown. But at this comic the larger version is also clickable on the image. See much more details on this under the expanded explanation for the [[:Category:Large drawings|large drawings category]].
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{{TOC}}
 
==Explanation==
 
==Explanation==
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This is the second comic in the series of [[:Category:Bad Map Projections|Bad Map Projections]] and presents Bad map projection #79: Time Zones. It was first with this comic that it became a series. The series began a month earlier with [[1784: Bad Map Projection: Liquid Resize]] (#107). It was followed almost three years later with [[2256: Bad Map Projection: South America]] (#358).
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{{incomplete|[[#Table of countries and their time zones|Table]] now has all relevant countries and is sortable. But needs to be filled out for each country with explanation of its time zone and why it looks as it does on the map. (Especially those from title text needs explanation like that). Some of the info already given in the explanation could be moved to the table.}}
  
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This comic shows a {{w|Map projection|map projection}} in which countries are placed according to the {{w|Time zone|time zones}} that they fall under. It seems that [[Randall]], being Randall, runs with the idea as he has made yet another map projection that is not only inaccurate, but utterly unusable, though less so than the previous one.
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This comic shows a {{w|Map projection|map projection}} in which countries are placed according to the {{w|Time zone|time zones}} that they fall under. This is thus the second comic in the series of [[:Category:Bad Map Projections|Bad Map Projections]] and it seems that [[Randall]], being Randall, runs with the idea as he has made yet another map projection that is not only inaccurate, but utterly unusable, though less so than the previous one.
  
−
The first "Liquid Resize" was #107, while this comic features #79. Since the ''liquid resize'' was purely aesthetic, whereas this one at least conveys some meaningful information it makes sense that this projection is ranked higher.  
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The first was released just over a month before this one and was called [[1784: Bad Map Projection: Liquid Resize]].  "Liquid Resize" was #107, while this comic features #79. Since the ''liquid resize'' was purely aesthetic, whereas this one at least conveys some meaningful information it makes sense that this projection is ranked higher.  
  
 
Conceptually, the series is a comment on the fact that there is no perfect way to draw a map of the world on a flat piece of paper. Each one will introduce a different type of distortion, and the best projection for a given situation is sometimes very disputed. Randall previously explored 12 different projections in [[977: Map Projections]], and expressed his disdain for some types he sees as less efficient but whose users feel superior. None of them are really good as any 2D map projection will always distort in a way the spherical reality, and a map projection that is useful for one aspect (like navigation, geographical shapes and masses visualization, etc.) will not be so for all the others. Local maps of smaller areas can be quite accurate, but the idea of both these map projection comics is to map the entire globe on a flat surface.
 
Conceptually, the series is a comment on the fact that there is no perfect way to draw a map of the world on a flat piece of paper. Each one will introduce a different type of distortion, and the best projection for a given situation is sometimes very disputed. Randall previously explored 12 different projections in [[977: Map Projections]], and expressed his disdain for some types he sees as less efficient but whose users feel superior. None of them are really good as any 2D map projection will always distort in a way the spherical reality, and a map projection that is useful for one aspect (like navigation, geographical shapes and masses visualization, etc.) will not be so for all the others. Local maps of smaller areas can be quite accurate, but the idea of both these map projection comics is to map the entire globe on a flat surface.
  
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Time zones are based on the way the Sun shines on the Earth, so these time zones, which are based on the sun's position in the sky, would best be divided by roughly longitudinal (North-to-South Pole) lines. However, this is not the case in practice, as the defined time zones tend to have very jagged boundaries, and furthermore some countries use a completely different time than the zones they are in, at least for some parts (see {{w|China}}). Since Randall knows he cannot fix the boundaries of the time zones, he instead "fixes" the world by making a map appear to match up with the time zone system, as shown in [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/1/1f/1799_Map_with_Labeled_time_zones.PNG this map], also posted in the [[#Map with Labeled time zones|trivia]]. This results in bizarre distortions such as the large, gum-like strands of {{w|Greenland}} (these are the towns of {{w|Danmarkshavn}} (UTC) and {{w|Ittoqqortoormiit}} (UTC-1), which use different time zones to the rest of the island) and three enormous gulfs in {{w|Russia}} (some time zones in Russia are only used in southern areas, leaving two-hour differences between some adjacent areas on the country's northern border).  See also [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/5/5b/1799_overlay.png this map] with a [[#Time zone map overlayed the comic|time zone map overlayed the comic]].
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Time zones are based on the way the Sun shines on the Earth, so these time zones, which are based on the sun's position in the sky, would best be divided by roughly longitudinal (North-to-South Pole) lines. However, this is not the case in practice, as the defined time zones tend to have very jagged boundaries, and furthermore some countries use a completely different time than the zones they are in, at least for some parts (see {{w|China}}). Since Randall knows he cannot fix the boundaries of the time zones, he instead "fixes" the world by making a map appear to match up with the time zone system, as shown in [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/1/1f/1799_Map_with_Labeled_time_zones.PNG this map], also posted in the [[#Map with Labeled time zones|trivia]]. This results in bizarre distortions such as the large, gum-like strands of {{w|Greenland}} and three enormous gulfs in {{w|Russia}}.   
  
 
The effect of this map is to "punish" large countries with a single time zone - for instance, China, which uses UTC+8 across the whole country - and countries that share large time zones - for instance, almost all of {{w|Europe}} is packed into the Central European UTC+1 zone - by shrinking these down. Conversely, countries that use multiple time zones without filling them out are stretched out - for example, the {{w|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} (DRC) and {{w|Mongolia}}, as pointed out in the title text - as are slim countries that do not fill out the full width of their time zones but where their neighbors use different timezones so they have to fill the entire width of their time zone. For instance {{w|Finland}} (also mentioned in the title text) and the {{w|Baltic countries}}, who look huge because their western and eastern neighbors do not use the UTC+2 Eastern Europe time, and thus have to fill out the distance between the countries that are pushed to the zones on their east/west borders.
 
The effect of this map is to "punish" large countries with a single time zone - for instance, China, which uses UTC+8 across the whole country - and countries that share large time zones - for instance, almost all of {{w|Europe}} is packed into the Central European UTC+1 zone - by shrinking these down. Conversely, countries that use multiple time zones without filling them out are stretched out - for example, the {{w|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} (DRC) and {{w|Mongolia}}, as pointed out in the title text - as are slim countries that do not fill out the full width of their time zones but where their neighbors use different timezones so they have to fill the entire width of their time zone. For instance {{w|Finland}} (also mentioned in the title text) and the {{w|Baltic countries}}, who look huge because their western and eastern neighbors do not use the UTC+2 Eastern Europe time, and thus have to fill out the distance between the countries that are pushed to the zones on their east/west borders.
  
 
Other map projections distort countries this way as well, but based on their actual physical location as opposed to their position on imaginary time zones. The {{w|Mercator projection}} is infamous for distorting Greenland in this way, to the point that it appears to be larger than {{w|Africa}} despite being nowhere near the same size.  
 
Other map projections distort countries this way as well, but based on their actual physical location as opposed to their position on imaginary time zones. The {{w|Mercator projection}} is infamous for distorting Greenland in this way, to the point that it appears to be larger than {{w|Africa}} despite being nowhere near the same size.  
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The title text lampoons the fact that the same phenomenon occurs on Randall's bad map projection, but for countries that do not tend to experience this on typical projections. Several smaller countries such as Finland and larger countries as Mongolia, and the DRC, appear much larger than their actual size due to being stretched across time zone boundaries (see explanation above).
  
 
See the [[#Table of countries and their time zones|table]] below for lots more information on the comic, but here are some further details.
 
See the [[#Table of countries and their time zones|table]] below for lots more information on the comic, but here are some further details.
 +
 +
Some countries look especially odd. Greenland gets some jutting out points - these are the towns of {{w|Danmarkshavn}} (UTC) and {{w|Ittoqqortoormiit}} (UTC-1), which use different time zones to the rest of the island - while Russia gets big holes in it in places where there is a 2 hour time zone difference between states. For instance, in reality {{w|Komi}} and {{w|Khanty-Mansi}} touch each other. However, Komi uses Moscow time (UTC+3) and Khanty-Mansi uses Yekaterinburg Time (UTC+5). There is no state between them using UTC+4, so Randall draws a big gap in northern Russia here.
  
 
===Map imperfections===
 
===Map imperfections===
 
The map is imperfect for several reasons:
 
The map is imperfect for several reasons:
  
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Randall attempts to preserve adjacency where possible - for instance, Chad and Sudan are neighbors even though Chad uses West Africa Time (UTC+1) and Sudan uses East Africa Time (UTC+3). Randall draws an extremely thin strand connecting the countries through Central/South Africa Time (UTC+2), even though no part of Chad or Sudan uses this time. Similarly, a thin strand of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan is shown projecting into the UTC+4 time zone in order to separate Russia and Iran, which do not really share a border. Worst of all is China, which has to have borders to several countries that do not share the single eastern time zone of east China, which the whole China is forced to use. A thin strand, resembling the {{w|Yangtze}} river, is shown passing through time zones that China does not use. This is the most complicated preservation of adjacency shown in the map.
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Randall attempts to preserve adjacency where possible - for instance, Chad and Sudan are neighbors even though Chad uses West Africa Time (UTC+1) and Sudan uses East Africa Time (UTC+3). Randall draws an extremely thin strand connecting the countries through Central/South Africa Time (UTC+2), even though no part of Chad or Sudan uses this time. Similarly, a thin strand of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan is shown projecting into the UTC+4 time zone in order to separate Russia and Iran, which do not really share a border. Worst of all is China, which has to have borders to several countries that do not share the single eastern time zone of east China, which the whole China is forced to use. This makes it look like the {{w|Yangtze}} river has been drawn (and China is light blue) and that it has different time zone along the way. This is of course not the case, but just the most complicated preservation of adjacency shown in the map.
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There is no mention of daylight saving time - all countries shown are given the base winter time. Depending on the time of year, countries will shift around - around June, many northern hemisphere countries will move east, while some southern hemisphere countries will move east around December.
 
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The map doesn't allow for half-hour time zones. (India, for instance, is on UTC+5.5) Instead, countries that use fractional time zones are shifted so they straddle the two time zones, and are then marked with an asterisk (*). This is also true of regions within countries, including the island of Newfoundland in Canada and a section in the center of Australia.
 
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The only extra detail mentioned in the map is also for Australia. It is the {{w|UTC%2B08:45|UTC+8:45}} time zone that is used only by 5 roadhouses covering a population of only a few hundred people.
 
  
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There are several errors in the map, see [[#Errors|below]].
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There is no mention of daylight savings - all countries shown are given the base winter time. Depending on the time of year, countries will shift around - around June, many northern hemisphere countries will move east, while some southern hemisphere countries will move east around December.  
  
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===Table of countries and their time zones===
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Since it doesn't allow for half-hour time zones (India, for instance, is on UTC+5.5). Instead, countries that use fractional time zones are shifted so they straddle the two time zones, and are then marked with an asterisk (*).  
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This sortable table includes all countries shown in the map, not just those are labeled, as well as the continents and some other regions are mentioned.
 
  
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The countries or continents are mentioned approximately in reading order. If a country is not labeled with full name the abbreviation is in brackets behind the name. If the country is not labeled, labeled wrong or not even shown in the comic, there is a note after the name. Countries labeled with a footnote by an asterisk (*) are shown together with that asterisk at the name.
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Australia has most of these peculiar time zone as there is a section in the center of Australia with half hour time zone, so it's marked with the *, but it is not the entire country, so the * is not behind the name as it is for instance with India and all other "*" marked countries except Canada which has a star on the far right part. Also, the only extra detail mentioned in the map is for Australia. It is the {{w|UTC%2B08:45|UTC+8:45}} time zone that are listed, used only by 5 roadhouses in South Australia and Western Australia covering a population of only a few hundred people.
  
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If a country has more than one time zone all are listed.
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There are also several errors for instance with labeling in the map, see [[#Errors|below]].
  
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====Table====
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==Table of countries and their time zones==
 +
*This [[#Table|sortable table]] include all countries shown in the map not just those labeled.
 +
**Also a few of the prominent countries left out have been listed.
 +
**Continents/regions have also been mentioned.
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***The reason is that they are also more or less distorted not necessarily depending on the distortion of the countries within.
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*The full name of each country/continent is listed first (with wiki link).
 +
**They are mentioned approximately in reading order, much like in the [[#Transcript|transcript]].
 +
***Sorting on country/continent name is possible.
 +
**If a country is not labeled with full name the abbreviation will be in brackets behind the name.
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**If the country is not labeled, labeled wrong or not even shown in the comic, there will also be a note after the name.
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***This note will then also be at the start of the explanation. See below under explanation for the reason.
 +
**If the countries label has the footnote asterix (*) then it will be on the name. But if it is somewhere on the country then it will not be listed here.
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*Time zone(s) for the country should be listed.
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**If there are several all should be mentioned as a range if possible.
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*Clear distortion shown in the image should be described
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**Only when it is obvious what has happened in the image.
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*Explanation for distortion or lack of it, based on time zone.
 +
**Other interesting details can be noted. For instance if there are some labeling issues after the name, that issue will also be first in this column
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***Sorting on explanation will thus both bring any country with an explanation to the top
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***But it will also sort countries that are not labeled or are wrongly labeled.
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===Table===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
! Country/Continent
 
! Country/Continent
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! Explanation
 
! Explanation
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{w|North America}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-9 &ndash; UTC-3:30 || || Not labeled.
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| {{w|North America}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Canada}} || UTC-8 &ndash; UTC-3:30 || West coast is flattened, and the east coast is stretched out.  ||  
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| {{w|Canada}} || UTC-8 &ndash; UTC-3.5 || West coast is flattened, and the east coast is stretched out.  ||  
 
*Canada has two main distortions:
 
*Canada has two main distortions:
 
** The west coast is on UTC-8 time, and shares a border with Alaska, which is UTC-9.  In this map, the border is much further east than the real border and is straightened out.  While the border between the Yukon Territory and Alaska is mostly straight at 141°W, the division between the time zones are at 127.5°W; and the border between British Colombia and Alaska is not straight.
 
** The west coast is on UTC-8 time, and shares a border with Alaska, which is UTC-9.  In this map, the border is much further east than the real border and is straightened out.  While the border between the Yukon Territory and Alaska is mostly straight at 141°W, the division between the time zones are at 127.5°W; and the border between British Colombia and Alaska is not straight.
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** On the east coast is the island of Newfoundland at UTC-3:30, which is marked with an asterisk; in the map it is depicted more eastward due to the extra half-hour difference.  Also, the southeastern tip of Labrador shares the UTC-3:30 time zone, though not marked with an asterisk, it is stretched out to line up with the island of Newfoundland.
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** On the east coast is the island of Newfoundland at UTC-3.5, which is marked with an asterisk; in the map it is depicted more eastward due to the extra half-hour difference.  Also, the southeastern tip of Labrador shares the UTC-3.5 time zone, though not marked with an asterisk, it is stretched out to line up with the island of Newfoundland.
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{w|United States}} || UTC+10, UTC+12, UTC-12 &ndash; UTC-4 || Alaska appears thinner than usual, and Texas' coast has been smushed. || Usage of time zones in U.S. territories is {{w|Time_in_the_United_States|complicated}}. The contiguous United States use times zones from UTC-5 (East Coast) to UTC-8 (West Coast), the State of {{w|Alaska}} uses UTC-9, and {{w|Puerto Rico}} uses UTC-4. These are the only parts shown on Randall's map. Other territories, not shown on the map, use the following time zones:
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| {{w|United States}} || || ||
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* {{w|United States Virgin Islands}} use UTC-4.
 
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* {{w|Navassa Island}} and the disputed {{w|Bajo Nuevo Bank}} and {{w|Serranilla Bank}} use UTC-5.
 
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* The State of {{w|Hawaii}}, most of the {{w|Aleutian Islands}} and {{w|Johnston Atoll}} use UTC-10.
 
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* {{w|Jarvis Island}}, {{w|Midway Atoll}}, {{w|Palmyra Atoll}} and {{w|Kingman Reef}} all use UTC-11.
 
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* {{w|Baker Island}} and {{w|Howland Island}} use UTC-12.
 
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* {{w|Wake Island}} uses UTC+12.
 
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* {{w|Guam}} and the {{w|Northern Mariana Islands}} use UTC+10.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Mexico}} || UTC-8 &ndash; UTC-5 || Guadalajara and the Yucatan Peninsula are too far east || The east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula goes as far east as the Florida Keys here - this because the state of {{w|Quintana Roo}} is the only one to use UTC-5 (equivalent to US Eastern Time).
 
| {{w|Mexico}} || UTC-8 &ndash; UTC-5 || Guadalajara and the Yucatan Peninsula are too far east || The east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula goes as far east as the Florida Keys here - this because the state of {{w|Quintana Roo}} is the only one to use UTC-5 (equivalent to US Eastern Time).
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Antilles}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-5 &ndash; UTC-4 || No distortion. || Not labeled.
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| {{w|Greater Antilles}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
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|-
 
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| {{w|Cuba}} || UTC-5 || No distortion. ||
 
−
|-
 
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| {{w|Haiti}} || UTC-5 || No distortion. ||
 
−
|-
 
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| {{w|Jamaica}} (Jam.) || UTC-5 || No distortion.||
 
−
|-
 
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| {{w|Dominican Republic}} (D.R.) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Guadeloupe}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. || Not labeled. Tentatively identified as one of four dots in the Lesser Antilles region of Randall's map.
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| {{w|Cuba}} || UTC-5 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| {{w|Dominica}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. || Not labeled. Tentatively identified as one of four dots in the Lesser Antilles region of Randall's map.
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| {{w|Haiti}} || UTC-5 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Martinique}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. || Not labeled. Tentatively identified as one of four dots in the Lesser Antilles region of Randall's map.
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| {{w|Jamaica}} (Jam.) || UTC-5 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Saint Lucia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. || Not labeled. Tentatively identified as one of four dots in the Lesser Antilles region of Randall's map.
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| {{w|Dominican Republic}} (D.R.) || UTC-4 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Trinidad and Tobago}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 ||No distortion. || Not labeled.
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| {{w|Puerto Rico}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Central America}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || Squashed together ||Not labeled. Apart from Panama, all Central American countries use the same time zone. This means Panama is stretched out, while the other countries are pushed back west of Florida.
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| {{w|Central America}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || Squashed together ||(not labeled) Apart from Panama, all Central American countries use the same time zone. This means Panama is stretched out, while the other countries are pushed back west of Florida.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Guatemala}} (Gua.) || UTC-6 || Stretched out. ||
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| {{w|Guatemala}} (Gua.) || UTC-6 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Belize}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || Greatly decreased in size, represented by only a few pixels. || Not labeled.
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| {{w|Belize}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|El Salvador}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || Greatly decreased in size, represented by only a few pixels. || Not labeled.
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| {{w|El Salvador}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Honduras}} (Hon.) || UTC-6 || The left side is flattened and pushed inwards. ||
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| {{w|Honduras}} (Hon.) || UTC-6 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Nicaragua}} (Nic.) || UTC-6 || No distortion, other than that Lake Colcibolca is exaggerated for no apparent reason. ||
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| {{w|Nicaragua}} (Nic.) || UTC-6 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Costa Rica}} (C.R.) || UTC-6 || Flattened and decreased in size. ||
+
| {{w|Costa Rica}} (C.R.) || UTC-6 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Panama}} (Pan.) || UTC-6 || Stretched out. ||
+
| {{w|Panama}} (Pan.) || UTC-6 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|South America}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-5 &ndash; UTC-3 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|South America}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Colombia}} || UTC-5 || Eastern border straightened ||
+
| {{w|Colombia}} || UTC-5 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Venezuela}} || UTC-4 || Western boarded straightened. Country shrunk top to bottom. ||
+
| {{w|Venezuela}} || UTC-4 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Guyana}} || UTC-4 || Shrunk slightly top to bottom. ||
+
| {{w|Guyana}} || UTC-4 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|French Guiana}} (labeled  Suriname) || UTC-3 || Minimal distortion || Labeled incorrectly.
+
| {{w|French Guiana}} (labeled  Suriname) || UTC-3 || || Not labeled correct.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Suriname}}<br>(labeled F.G.) || UTC-3 || Minimal distortion || Labeled incorrectly.
+
| {{w|Suriname}}<br>(labeled F.G.) || UTC-3 || || Not labeled correct.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Ecuador}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 &ndash; UTC-5 || || Not labeled. UTC-6 is used only on {{w|Galápagos Islands}} (not shown).
 
| {{w|Ecuador}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-6 &ndash; UTC-5 || || Not labeled. UTC-6 is used only on {{w|Galápagos Islands}} (not shown).
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Peru}} || UTC-5 || Mostly intact ||
+
| {{w|Peru}} || UTC-5 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Brazil}} || UTC-5 &ndash; UTC-3 || Eastern shore shrunk in size ||
+
| {{w|Brazil}} || UTC-5 &ndash; UTC-3 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Bolivia}} || UTC-4 || Compressed shape, slight rotation ||
+
| {{w|Bolivia}} || UTC-4 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Paraguay}} (Par.) || UTC-4 || Country shrunken and location with respect to (new) Argentina has changed ||
+
| {{w|Paraguay}} (Par.) || UTC-4 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Chile}} || UTC-5, UTC-3 || || UTC-5 is used only on {{w|Easter Island}} (not shown).
 
| {{w|Chile}} || UTC-5, UTC-3 || || UTC-5 is used only on {{w|Easter Island}} (not shown).
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Argentina}} || UTC-3 || ||This is stretched out vertically to fit the entire country into the UTC-3 timezone that it uses.
+
| {{w|Argentina}} || UTC-3 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Uruguay}} || UTC-3 || Minimal distortion ||
+
| {{w|Uruguay}} || UTC-3 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Europe}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC-4 &ndash; UTC+4 || Compressed with the countries of central and western Europe pressed closer in east-west direction while eastern countries are stretched in all directions. Iceland is moved east. Greenland is stretched horizontally and got strange protruding peninsulas. || Not labeled. Europe uses mostly UTC+1, which causes severe distortion. Disproportionally smaller areas utilize UTC&plusmn;0, UTC+2 and UTC+3. UTC-4, UTC-1 and UTC+4 are used only marginally. Greenland, even if it belongs to North America geographically, is counted here as well as it lies within the Denmark rule.
+
| {{w|Europe}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+0 &ndash; UTC+4 || || Not labeled.
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Central Europe}}/{{w|Western Europe}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+0 &ndash; UTC+3 || Compressed with the countries of central and western Europe pressed closer in east-west direction while eastern countries are stretched in all directions. ||
 +
(not labeled) {{w|Portugal}} is the only country in mainland Europe which uses UTC+0 &ndash; that's why it sticks out a bit towards the British Isles which use UTC+0 as well. {{w|Iceland}} is here, too.
  
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* UTC-4 is used solely in {{w|Thule Air Base}} in western Greenland.
+
Most of Europe uses UTC+1 but these countries in reality spread over a much larger area than just one zone. This is why central and western countries are so compressed. {{w|Svalbard}} archipelago in the Arctic Ocean also belongs here.
−
* Only Greenland uses UTC-3, throughout most of its territory.
+
 
−
* UTC-2 is not used at all.
+
The eastern countries (except Belarus and the European part of Russia but not the Kaliningrad exclave) use UTC+2. These are: {{w|Finland}}, {{w|Latvia}}, {{w|Estonia}}, {{w|Lithuania}}, {{w|Belarus}}, {{w|Moldova}}, {{w|Ukraine}}, {{w|Bulgaria}}, {{w|Romania}}, {{w|Greece}} and {{w|Cyprus}}. In reality, they occupy a smaller area on the map, but on Randall's map they are stretched to fill the UTC+2 zone strip.
−
* {{w|Azores}}, being an autonomous region of Portugal, and a Greenland settlement of {{w|Ittoqqortoormiit}} observe UTC-1.
+
 
−
* The United Kingdom and Ireland both use UTC&plusmn;0. {{w|Portugal}} is the only country in mainland Europe which uses UTC&plusmn;0 as well &ndash; that's why it sticks out a bit towards the British Isles which share the time zone with Portugal. Greenland's settlement of {{w|Danmarkshavn}} uses UTC&plusmn;0 as well, and {{w|Iceland}} is here, too.
+
Belarus, most of the European part of Russia and Crimea use UTC+3. See below for peculiarities regarding Russia and Ukraine.
−
* Most of Europe uses UTC+1 but these countries in reality spread over a much larger area than just one zone. This is why central and western countries are so compressed. {{w|Svalbard}} archipelago in the Arctic Ocean also belongs here.
 
−
* The eastern countries (except Belarus and the European part of Russia but not the Kaliningrad exclave) use UTC+2. These are: {{w|Finland}}, {{w|Latvia}}, {{w|Estonia}}, {{w|Lithuania}}, {{w|Belarus}}, {{w|Moldova}}, {{w|Ukraine}}, {{w|Bulgaria}}, {{w|Romania}}, {{w|Greece}} and {{w|Cyprus}}. In reality, they occupy a smaller area on the map, but on Randall's map they are stretched to fill the UTC+2 zone strip.
 
−
* Belarus, most of the European part of Russia and Crimea use UTC+3. See below for peculiarities regarding Russia and Ukraine.
 
−
* UTC+4 is used in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and some parts of Russia.
 
  
 
Finland looks specifically distorted, partly because in reality it borders with {{w|Norway}} on the north, and Norway uses UTC+1. On Randall's map Norway is compressed into UTC+1 strip and Finland suddenly got some coast on Barents Sea. Poland (abbreviated ''POL.'' on the map) and Belarus (''BEL'') have common border but differ by two time zones, Poland uses UTC+1 but Belarus uses UTC+3 (Moscow time). Therefore on the map they have protruding 'fingers', touching one another, squeezed between Lithuania and Latvia on the north and Ukraine on the south.  
 
Finland looks specifically distorted, partly because in reality it borders with {{w|Norway}} on the north, and Norway uses UTC+1. On Randall's map Norway is compressed into UTC+1 strip and Finland suddenly got some coast on Barents Sea. Poland (abbreviated ''POL.'' on the map) and Belarus (''BEL'') have common border but differ by two time zones, Poland uses UTC+1 but Belarus uses UTC+3 (Moscow time). Therefore on the map they have protruding 'fingers', touching one another, squeezed between Lithuania and Latvia on the north and Ukraine on the south.  
Line 150: Line 152:
 
Randall got Turkey a bit wrong, however: its European part is stretched into UTC+2 zone, but in reality Turkey uses UTC+3 on its whole territory.
 
Randall got Turkey a bit wrong, however: its European part is stretched into UTC+2 zone, but in reality Turkey uses UTC+3 on its whole territory.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Greenland}}|| UTC-4 &ndash; UTC&plusmn;0  || Two landmasses stretched from the rest of the country || Greenland stretches from UTC-4 to UTC&plusmn;0 with most of the country being UTC-3. UTC-4 is only applicable to Thule Air Base in the southern part of the Hayes-Peninsula, while UTC-1 and UTC&plusmn;0 are used in smaller areas on the east coast of Greenland. Even though UTC-2 is not used in Greenland at all, the country is depicted as a single landmass with two small strips of land connecting the UTC-1 and UTC&plusmn;0 landmasses. These two strips should be considered infinitesimally thin but depicted to clarify the two areas are not separate islands but connected with the rest of Greenland.
+
| {{w|Greenland}}|| UTC-4 &ndash; UTC+0  || Two landmasses strechted from the rest of the country || Greenland stretches from UTC-4 to UTC+0 with most of the country being UTC-3. UTC-4 is only applicable to Thule Air Base in the southern part of the Hayes-Peninsula, while UTC-1 and UTC+0 are used in smaller areas on the east coast of Greenland. Even though UTC-2 is not used in Greenland at all, the country is depicted as a single landmass with two small strips of land connecting the UTC-1 and UTC+0 landmasses. These two strips should be considered infinitesimally thin but depicted to clarify the two areas are not separate islands but connected with the rest of Greenland.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Iceland}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || No shape distortions, but different location. || Iceland, even if it geographically lies mostly within the UTC-1 time zone, uses UTC&plusmn;0. It is therefore moved east on Randall's map.
+
| {{w|Iceland}} || UTC+0 || No shape distortions, but different location. || Iceland, even if it geographically lies mostly within the UTC-1 time zone, uses UTC+0. It is therefore moved east on Randall's map.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Norway}} || UTC+1 ||Moved east and tilted more upright to fit in UTC&plusmn;1 ||
+
| {{w|Norway}} || UTC+1 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Sweden}} || UTC+1 ||Squashed and moved east to make room for Norway obliterating the Gulf of Bothnia and severely shrinking the Baltic sea ||
+
| {{w|Sweden}} || UTC+1 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Finland}} || UTC+2 || Stretched horizontally because it borders Norway on the north, which uses UTC+1. ||
+
| {{w|Finland}} || UTC+2 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Ireland}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || None. || Ireland uses UTC&plusmn;0 as the rest of British Isles.
+
| {{w|Ireland}} || UTC+0 || None. || Ireland uses UTC+0 as the rest of British Isles.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|United Kingdom}} (UK) || UTC&plusmn;0 || None. || The country is fully within the single time zone used for the country. UK defined the time zones so their time zone is by definition the one with UTC&plusmn;0 (or GMT).
+
| {{w|United Kingdom}} (UK) || UTC+0 || None. || The country is fully within the single time zone used for the country. UK defined the time zones so their time zone is by definition the one with UTC+0 (or GMT).
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Denmark}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Denmark}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
Line 174: Line 176:
 
| {{w|Belarus}} (Bel.) || UTC+3 ||  || Belarus lies entirely in the UTC+3 time zone yet the map depicts a small strip of land in the UTC+2 zone. This is most likely to allow for Belarus to have a common border with Poland even though the countries do not have two consecutive time zones (Poland uses UTC+1)
 
| {{w|Belarus}} (Bel.) || UTC+3 ||  || Belarus lies entirely in the UTC+3 time zone yet the map depicts a small strip of land in the UTC+2 zone. This is most likely to allow for Belarus to have a common border with Poland even though the countries do not have two consecutive time zones (Poland uses UTC+1)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Russia}} (First label) || UTC+2 &ndash; UTC+12 || || See Asia section for explanation. It is the only country labeled twice.
+
| {{w|Russia}} (First label) || UTC+2 &ndash; UTC+12 || || See Asia section for explanation in the 2. label. As the only country it is labeled twice.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Netherlands}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Netherlands}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Belgium}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Belgium}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Luxembourg}}<br>(not shown) || UTC+1 || || Not shown.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Germany}} (Ger.) || UTC+1 || ||
 
| {{w|Germany}} (Ger.) || UTC+1 || ||
Line 189: Line 193:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Switzerland}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Switzerland}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Liechtenstein}}<br>(not shown) || UTC+1 || || Not shown.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Austria}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Austria}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
Line 206: Line 212:
 
| {{w|Moldova}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Moldova}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Portugal}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Portugal}} || UTC+0 || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Spain}} || UTC+1 || ||
 
| {{w|Spain}} || UTC+1 || ||
Line 228: Line 234:
 
| {{w|Cyprus}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
 
| {{w|Cyprus}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Georgia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || Squashed into thin horizontal strip. Merged with Azerbaijan. || Not labeled. Georgia uses UTC+4 but has coast on the {{w|Black Sea}} which on Randall's map is shown entirely within UTC+2 and UTC+3 zones. Therefore Georgia is depicted as a thin strip touching the Black Sea squashed between Russia and Turkey and the main part is shown as a slightly wider blob in the east supposedly lying in the UTC+4 strip. However in the process Georgia got some coast on the {{w|Caspian Sea}} in the place {{w|Azerbaijan}} shall be located, including the {{w|Absheron Peninsula}} with the Azerbaijani capital, {{w|Baku}}.
+
| {{w|Turkey}} || UTC+3 || ||
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Georgia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Azerbaijan}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || Heavily shrunk, displaced south. || Not labeled. Most or all of the Azerbaijani territory including its capital area is mistakenly attributed to Georgia, see above. In reality, Azerbaijan is the only country with coast on the Caspian Sea between Russia and Iran. However, in the Randall's map there are two tiny patches touching the Caspian Sea just north of Iran. The northern one can be tentatively identified as Azerbaijan.
+
| {{w|Armenia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Armenia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || Displaced east to Caspian Sea coast. || Not labeled. A tiny patch of land on the Caspian Sea coast just north of Iran can be tentatively identified as Armenia. However, Armenia ia a landlocked country in reality.
+
| {{w|Azerbaijan}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Africa}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC&plusmn;0 &ndash; UTC+3 ||Compressed in the northwest and along the southeast coast. || Not labeled.  
+
| {{w|Africa}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Western Sahara}} (labeled Morocco) || UTC&plusmn;0 || || Labeled incorrectly.
+
| {{w|Western Sahara}} (labeled Morocco) || || || Not labeled correct.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Tunisia}} || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Tunisia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Morocco}}<br>(labeled W.S.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || || Labeled incorrectly.
+
| {{w|Morocco}}<br>(labeled W.S.) || || || Not labeled correct.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Algeria}} || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Algeria}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Mauritania}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Mauritania}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Senegal}} (Sen.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Senegal}} (Sen.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Gambia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC&plusmn;0 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Gambia}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Mali}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Mali}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Niger}} || UTC+1 || Slightly compressed in the west||  
+
| {{w|Niger}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Libya}} || UTC+2 || Stretched vertically | Nations located to the south of Libya tend to use either UTC+1 (Chad) or UTC+3 (Sudan), but not UTC+2, which Libya uses. In order to fill in this area, Libya, one of the few countries in the area which uses the intermediate UTC+2, has been used to demonstrate the two-hour gap. ||
+
| {{w|Libya}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Egypt}} || UTC+2 || Stretched vertically | Egypt uses the UTC+2 time zone, while most countries located to its south use UTC+3. Since the area of central Africa using UTC+2 is small compared to the section using UTC+3, those countries in UTC+2 are extended to cover more of that time zone. ||
+
| {{w|Egypt}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Sudan}} || UTC+3  || Sudan and South Sudan (S.S.) are fully in UTC+3 zone, but in the map a little part of them has been stretched to meet the borders with Chad the Central African Republic which are in UTC+1. ||
 
| {{w|Sudan}} || UTC+3  || Sudan and South Sudan (S.S.) are fully in UTC+3 zone, but in the map a little part of them has been stretched to meet the borders with Chad the Central African Republic which are in UTC+1. ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|South Sudan}} (S.S.) || UTC+3 || || See Sudan’s explanation.
+
| {{w|South Sudan}} (S.S.) || || || See Sudan’s explanation.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Eritrea}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+3 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Eritrea}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Guinea-Bissau}} (GB.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Djibouti}}<br>(not shown) || || || Not shown.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Guinea}} (Guin.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Guinea-Bissau}} (Gb.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Burkina Faso}} (B.F.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Guinea}} (Guin.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Sierra Leone}} (S.L.) || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Burkina Faso}} (B.F.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Liberia}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Sierra Leone}} (S.L.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Côte d'Ivoire}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Liberia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Ghana}} || UTC&plusmn;0 || ||
+
| {{w|Côte d'Ivoire}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Togo}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC&plusmn;0 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Ghana}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Benin}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+1 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Togo}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Nigeria}} || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Benin}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Chad}} || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Nigeria}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Cameroon}} (Cam.) || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Chad}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Central African Republic}} (C.A.R.) || UTC+1 || Displaced to the southwest. It is also extended to retain its border with South Sudan despite being two timezones apart.||
+
| {{w|Cameroon}} (Cam.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Ethiopia}} || UTC+3 || Compressed horizontally.||
+
| {{w|Central African Republic}} (C.A.R.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Somalia}} || UTC+3 || ||
+
| {{w|Ethiopia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Equatorial Guinea}} (E.G.) || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Somalia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Gabon}} || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Equatorial Guinea}} (E.G.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Republic of the Congo}} (R. of Congo) || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Gabon}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} (Dem. Rep. of the Congo) || UTC+1 || ||
+
| {{w|Republic of the Congo}} (R. of Congo) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Rwanda}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || Shifted northwards.|| Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} (Dem. Rep. of the Congo) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Burundi}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || Shifted northwards.|| Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Rwanda}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Uganda}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+3 ||Gains border with Burundi. || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Burundi}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Kenya}} || UTC+3 || Slightly horizontally compressed.||
+
| {{w|Uganda}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Angola}} || UTC+1 || Eastern border straightened.||
+
| {{w|Lake Victoria}}<br>(not a country)<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Zambia}} || UTC+2 || Slightly stretched horizontally.||
+
| {{w|Kenya}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Malawi}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || Rotated slightly clockwise and loses border with Tanzania. || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Angola}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Tanzania}} || UTC+3 || Horizontally compressed; loses border with Rwanda.||
+
| {{w|Zambia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Namibia}} || UTC+1 ||Loses Caprivi Strip to Botswana. ||  
+
| {{w|Malawi}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Botswana}} (Bots.) || UTC+2 || Border with Namibia simplified.||
+
| {{w|Tanzania}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Zimbabwe}} (Zimb.) || UTC+2 || ||
+
| {{w|Namibia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Mozambique}} || UTC+2 || Horizontally compressed.||  
+
| {{w|Botswana}} (Bots.) || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Zimbabwe}} (Zimb.) || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| {{w|Mozambique}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Madagascar}} || UTC+3 || None. || Madagascar has the correct shape and position.
 
| {{w|Madagascar}} || UTC+3 || None. || Madagascar has the correct shape and position.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|South Africa}} || UTC+2 || Loses some of Atlantic coast to Namibia.||
+
| {{w|South Africa}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Lesotho}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Lesotho}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Swaziland}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Swaziland}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Asia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+3 &ndash; UTC+12 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Asia}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Turkey}} || UTC+3 || ||
+
| {{w|Middle East}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Lebanon}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Lebanon}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Syria}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Syria}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Iraq}} || UTC+3 || ||
+
| {{w|Iraq}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Iran}}* || UTC+3:30 ||Is a bit inflated in the northeast corner. ||
+
| {{w|Iran}}* || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Israel}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Israel}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Jordan}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+2 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Jordan}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Saudi Arabia}} || UTC+3 || ||
+
| {{w|Saudi Arabia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Kuwait}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+3 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Kuwait}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Qatar}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+3 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Qatar}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|United Arab Emirates}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+4 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|United Arab Emirates}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Yemen}} || UTC+3 || ||
+
| {{w|Yemen}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Oman}} || UTC+4 || ||
+
| {{w|Oman}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Russia}} (2nd label) || UTC+2 &ndash; UTC+12 || Three deep troughs almost cutting Russia into pieces, but not quite, also eastern parts stick out of proportion relative to Eastern Asian countries. || Only country with two labels. Russia has {{w|Time_in_Russia|a peculiar}} usage of time zones, therefore it is the most distorted country on Randall's map. It covers eleven time zones but uses them very unevenly. Each of {{w|Federal subjects of Russia|constituent entities}} of Russia (also called federal subjects) uses a specific time zone throughout its territory, the only exception being Yakutia, the largest administrative subdivision, which spans three time zones. The time zone assignments are quite arbitrary, however.
+
| {{w|Russia}} (2. label) || UTC+2 &ndash; UTC+12 || Three deep troughs almost cutting Russia into pieces, but not quite, also eastern parts stick out of proportion relative to Eastern Asian countries. || Only country with two labels. Russia has {{w|Time_in_Russia|a peculiar}} usage of time zones, therefore it is the most distorted country on Randall's map. It covers eleven time zones but uses them very unevenly. Each of {{w|Federal subjects of Russia|constituent entities}} of Russia (also called federal subjects) uses a specific time zone throughout its territory, the only exception being Yakutia, the largest administrative subdivision, which spans three time zones. The time zone assignments are quite arbitrary, however.
 
* UTC+2 ({{w|Kaliningrad_Time|MSK-1}}) is used in {{w|Kaliningrad Oblast}} only, an {{w|exclave}} on {{w|Baltic Sea}} between {{w|Poland}} and {{w|Lithuania}}. On Randall's map it can be seen as a small green patch north-east of Poland.
 
* UTC+2 ({{w|Kaliningrad_Time|MSK-1}}) is used in {{w|Kaliningrad Oblast}} only, an {{w|exclave}} on {{w|Baltic Sea}} between {{w|Poland}} and {{w|Lithuania}}. On Randall's map it can be seen as a small green patch north-east of Poland.
 
* UTC+3 ({{w|Moscow_Time|MSK+0}}) is used throughout most of the European part of Russia including Northern Caucasian republics, covering 49 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in total. These parts make up the easternmost mass of Russia on Randall's map, stretching from the {{w|Black Sea}} in the south including the area between the Black Sea and {{w|Caspian Sea}} to the {{w|White Sea|White}}, {{w|Barents Sea|Barents}} and {{w|Kara Sea|Kara}} seas in the north and includes the arctic archipelagoes of {{w|Novaya Zemlya}} and {{w|Franz Josef Land}} as seen in the upper part of the map.
 
* UTC+3 ({{w|Moscow_Time|MSK+0}}) is used throughout most of the European part of Russia including Northern Caucasian republics, covering 49 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in total. These parts make up the easternmost mass of Russia on Randall's map, stretching from the {{w|Black Sea}} in the south including the area between the Black Sea and {{w|Caspian Sea}} to the {{w|White Sea|White}}, {{w|Barents Sea|Barents}} and {{w|Kara Sea|Kara}} seas in the north and includes the arctic archipelagoes of {{w|Novaya Zemlya}} and {{w|Franz Josef Land}} as seen in the upper part of the map.
Line 369: Line 381:
 
* UTC+6 ({{w|Omsk_Time|MSK+3}}) is used solely in the {{w|Omsk Oblast}} in the southeastern {{w|Siberia}}, bordering {{w|Kazakhstan}}. On Randall's map it is shown as a strip of land joining the second and the third land mass from the left, just to the left of the ''RUSSIA'' inscription. However, taking into account the relatively small area of the Omsk Oblast, it should have been much thinner.
 
* UTC+6 ({{w|Omsk_Time|MSK+3}}) is used solely in the {{w|Omsk Oblast}} in the southeastern {{w|Siberia}}, bordering {{w|Kazakhstan}}. On Randall's map it is shown as a strip of land joining the second and the third land mass from the left, just to the left of the ''RUSSIA'' inscription. However, taking into account the relatively small area of the Omsk Oblast, it should have been much thinner.
 
* UTC+7 ({{w|Krasnoyarsk_Time|MSK+4}}) is used in federal subjects located in the central and parts of eastern and western Siberia: {{w|Altai Republic}}, {{w|Tuva}} Republic, Republic of {{w|Khakassia}}, {{w|Altai Krai}}, {{w|Krasnoyarsk Krai}}, {{w|Kemerovo Oblast}}, {{w|Novosibirsk Oblast}} and {{w|Tomsk Oblast}}. These lands border mostly with areas using non-adjacent time zones, namely UTC+5 and UTC+9, and therefore form the tallest pillar on the Randall's depiction of Russia between two large seas. This part of Randall's Russia also has a strange thin strip of land going south and touching China's tendril just between Kazakhstan and {{w|Mongolia}} &ndash; this is to represent the fact that there is a short length of Russian-Chinese border there. The rest of the border is depicted elsewhere, see below. {{w|Taymyr Peninsula}} and {{w|Severnaya Zemlya}} archipelago can be seen atop that area of the map.
 
* UTC+7 ({{w|Krasnoyarsk_Time|MSK+4}}) is used in federal subjects located in the central and parts of eastern and western Siberia: {{w|Altai Republic}}, {{w|Tuva}} Republic, Republic of {{w|Khakassia}}, {{w|Altai Krai}}, {{w|Krasnoyarsk Krai}}, {{w|Kemerovo Oblast}}, {{w|Novosibirsk Oblast}} and {{w|Tomsk Oblast}}. These lands border mostly with areas using non-adjacent time zones, namely UTC+5 and UTC+9, and therefore form the tallest pillar on the Randall's depiction of Russia between two large seas. This part of Randall's Russia also has a strange thin strip of land going south and touching China's tendril just between Kazakhstan and {{w|Mongolia}} &ndash; this is to represent the fact that there is a short length of Russian-Chinese border there. The rest of the border is depicted elsewhere, see below. {{w|Taymyr Peninsula}} and {{w|Severnaya Zemlya}} archipelago can be seen atop that area of the map.
−
* UTC+8 ({{w|Irkutsk_Time|MSK+5}}) is used in {{w|Buryatia}} and {{w|Irkutsk Oblast}} only, which lie in eastern Siberia, on both sides of {{w|Lake Baikal}} (not shown on the map). This is represented by a patch located just northwest of a protruding fragment of China, which shares the time zone with these parts; however neither Buryatia nor Irkutsk Oblast border with China.
+
* UTC+8 ({{w|Irkutsk_Time|MSK+5}}) is used in {{w|Buryatia}} and {{w|Irkutsk Oblast}} only, which lie in eastern Siberia, on both sides of {{w|Lake Baikal}}<br>(not shown on the map). This is represented by a patch located just northwest of a protruding fragment of China, which shares the time zone with these parts; however neither Buryatia nor Irkutsk Oblast border with China.
 
* UTC+9 ({{w|Yakutsk_Time|MSK+6}}) is used in {{w|Amur Oblast}}, {{w|Zabaykalsky Krai}} and in most of Yakutia also known as the {{w|Sakha Republic}}. On Randall's map this time zone is joined together with the remaining three eastern time zones forming a strange shape connected to the rest of Asia with a weird-looking isthmus. This is actually the part of Russia that has the longest part of the border with China along the {{w|Amur River}}, but here it is torn away because of the strange map 'projection'. {{w|New Siberian Islands}} are depicted in the far north.
 
* UTC+9 ({{w|Yakutsk_Time|MSK+6}}) is used in {{w|Amur Oblast}}, {{w|Zabaykalsky Krai}} and in most of Yakutia also known as the {{w|Sakha Republic}}. On Randall's map this time zone is joined together with the remaining three eastern time zones forming a strange shape connected to the rest of Asia with a weird-looking isthmus. This is actually the part of Russia that has the longest part of the border with China along the {{w|Amur River}}, but here it is torn away because of the strange map 'projection'. {{w|New Siberian Islands}} are depicted in the far north.
 
* UTC+10 ({{w|Vladivostok_Time|MSK+7}}) is used in north-eastern parts of Yakutia, {{w|Jewish Autonomous Oblast}}, {{w|Khabarovsk Krai}} and {{w|Primorsky Krai}}. In reality these parts (except Yakutia) all border with China, all the way down to North Korea. On Randall's depiction they are torn away from Chinese border to represent time zone difference. The strange hook is the southernmost part of Primorsky Krai with the big haven of {{w|Vladivostok}}, the tip of the hook shall actually touch North Korea in reality.
 
* UTC+10 ({{w|Vladivostok_Time|MSK+7}}) is used in north-eastern parts of Yakutia, {{w|Jewish Autonomous Oblast}}, {{w|Khabarovsk Krai}} and {{w|Primorsky Krai}}. In reality these parts (except Yakutia) all border with China, all the way down to North Korea. On Randall's depiction they are torn away from Chinese border to represent time zone difference. The strange hook is the southernmost part of Primorsky Krai with the big haven of {{w|Vladivostok}}, the tip of the hook shall actually touch North Korea in reality.
Line 379: Line 391:
 
| {{w|Kazakhstan}} || UTC+5 &ndash; UTC+6 || Vertically: stretched in eastern part, squeezed in western part. Horizontally: squeezed in eastern part, stretched in western part|| UTC+5 is used in the smaller western part and UTC+6 in the larger eastern part. The division goes more or less along the 60th meridian. On Randall's map Kazakhstan's shape is heavily distorted, because in the bordering Russia only one small part, namely Omsk oblast, uses UTC+6 &ndash; therefore the eastern part of Kazakhstan is squeezed to fit. On the other hand, the western part of Kazakhstan borders with parts of Russia using as far as UTC+3, which is depicted by a long west-reaching finger. Kazakhstan has a significant part of {{w|Caspian Sea}} coast, but here it has only a tiny stretch.
 
| {{w|Kazakhstan}} || UTC+5 &ndash; UTC+6 || Vertically: stretched in eastern part, squeezed in western part. Horizontally: squeezed in eastern part, stretched in western part|| UTC+5 is used in the smaller western part and UTC+6 in the larger eastern part. The division goes more or less along the 60th meridian. On Randall's map Kazakhstan's shape is heavily distorted, because in the bordering Russia only one small part, namely Omsk oblast, uses UTC+6 &ndash; therefore the eastern part of Kazakhstan is squeezed to fit. On the other hand, the western part of Kazakhstan borders with parts of Russia using as far as UTC+3, which is depicted by a long west-reaching finger. Kazakhstan has a significant part of {{w|Caspian Sea}} coast, but here it has only a tiny stretch.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Mongolia}} || UTC+7 &ndash; UTC+8 || Vertically stretched in the western half as mentioned in the Title-Text | Mongolia primarily uses the UTC+8 time zone but has some western portions using the UTC+7 time zone. Its neighbor to the south, China, is geographically located across three time zones (UTC+6-UTC+8) but by governmental decision only uses the eastern UTC+8 time zone. This choice by China has caused it to shrink towards the east on the map, requiring other countries to replace the unoccupied map area in the UTC+6 and UTC+7 time zones. Mongolia is one of very few countries using the UTC+7 time zone near China, and therefore it has been the primary recipient of the extra space generated by China's shrinking. It has occupied much of what would on an ordinary map be central Chinese territory.
+
| {{w|Mongolia}} || || ||
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Turkmenistan}} || UTC+5 || ||
+
| {{w|Turkmenistan}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Uzbekistan}} || UTC+5 || ||
+
| {{w|Uzbekistan}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Afghanistan}}* || UTC+4:30 || ||
+
| {{w|Kyrgyzstan}}<br>(not shown) || || || Not shown.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Tajikistan}} (Taj.) || UTC+5 || ||
+
| {{w|Afghanistan}}* || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Pakistan}} || UTC+5 || ||
+
| {{w|Tajikistan}} (Taj.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|India}}* || UTC+5:30 || ||
+
| {{w|Pakistan}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Sri Lanka}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+5:30 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|India}}* || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Nepal}}* || UTC+5:45 || ||
+
| {{w|Nepal}}* || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Bhutan}}<br>(unreadable label) || UTC+6 || || Labeled unreadable.
+
| {{w|Bhutan}}<br>(unreadable label) || || || Labeled unreadable.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|China}} || UTC+8 || Heavily squashed horizontally, with finger-like tendrils to the west || All of China is in UTC+8 (usage of UTC+6 exists in Western Xinjiang but is unofficial). However, it reaches as far west as Tajikistan, in UTC+5, and even has an extremely short border with Afghanistan in UTC+4.5. A border is also shown with Pakistan - this is disputed by some who support India in the {{w|Kashmir conflict}}, but represents the ''de facto'' {{w|Line of Control}} between India and Pakistan.
+
| {{w|China}} || UTC+8 || Heavily squashed horizontally, with finger-like tendrils to the west || All of China is in UTC+8. However, it reaches as far west as Tajikistan, in UTC+5, and even has an extremely short border with Afghanistan in UTC+4.5. A border is also shown with Pakistan - this is disputed by some who support India in the {{w|Kashmir conflict}}, but represents the ''de facto'' {{w|Line of Control}} between India and Pakistan.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Taiwan}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+8 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Taiwan}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|North Korea}}* (N.K.) || UTC+8:30 || || In the map North Korea is smushed West of South Korea because North Korea at the time of publication had a time zone that is set half an hour off from South Korea's time zone.
+
| {{w|North Korea}}* (N.K.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|South Korea}} (S.K.) || UTC+9 || ||
+
| {{w|South Korea}} (S.K.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Japan}} || UTC+9 || ||
+
| {{w|Japan}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Bangladesh}} (Ban.) || UTC+6 || ||
+
| {{w|Bangladesh}} (Ban.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Myanmar|Burma}}* (Bur.) || UTC+6:30 || ||
+
| {{w|Myanmar|Burma}}* (Bur.) || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Laos}} || UTC+7 || ||
+
| {{w|Laos}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Vietnam}} || UTC+7 || ||
+
| {{w|Vietnam}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Thailand}} || UTC+7 || ||
+
| {{w|Thailand}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Cambodia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+7 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Cambodia}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Philippines}} || UTC+8 || ||
+
| {{w|Philippines}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Oceania}}/{{w|Australia}}<br>(not labeled) || UTC+7 &ndash; UTC+12 || || Not labeled.
+
| {{w|Oceania}}/{{w|Australia}}<br>(not labeled) || || || Not labeled.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|Malaysia}} || UTC+8 || Malaysia and {{w|Singapore}} (not shown) stretched East from the rest of peninsular Southeast Asia || Malaysia and Singapore both switched to using UTC+8 on 1 January 1982, after using GMT+7.30 under British rule and UTC+9 during the Japanese occupation. This change was due to Malaysia wanting to standardise time between East and West Malaysia, with Malaysia choosing to use the time in East Malaysia, with Singapore following suit.
 
| {{w|Malaysia}} || UTC+8 || Malaysia and {{w|Singapore}} (not shown) stretched East from the rest of peninsular Southeast Asia || Malaysia and Singapore both switched to using UTC+8 on 1 January 1982, after using GMT+7.30 under British rule and UTC+9 during the Japanese occupation. This change was due to Malaysia wanting to standardise time between East and West Malaysia, with Malaysia choosing to use the time in East Malaysia, with Singapore following suit.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Indonesia}} || UTC+7 &ndash; UTC+9 || ||
+
| {{w|Indonesia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Papua New Guinea}} || UTC+10 &ndash; UTC+11 || ||
+
| {{w|Papua New Guinea}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{w|Australia}} || UTC+8, UTC+9:30, UTC+10 || || Although the UTC+8:45 region is acknowledged by local authorities, legally the region shares the same time zone as the rest of Western Australia, UTC+8.
+
| {{w|Australia}} || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{w|New Zealand}} || UTC+12 || None. || The main islands use UTC+12. There is a small archipelago under New Zealand's rule, the {{w|Chatham Islands}}, which use non-standard UTC+12:45 time, but it is too small to depict.
 
| {{w|New Zealand}} || UTC+12 || None. || The main islands use UTC+12. There is a small archipelago under New Zealand's rule, the {{w|Chatham Islands}}, which use non-standard UTC+12:45 time, but it is too small to depict.
Line 494: Line 505:
 
** Estonia is shown sharing a border with Finland - in fact, the two countries are separated by the {{w|Gulf of Finland}}. This sea should run to {{w|St Petersburg}} in Russia - instead, the city is shown as landlocked.
 
** Estonia is shown sharing a border with Finland - in fact, the two countries are separated by the {{w|Gulf of Finland}}. This sea should run to {{w|St Petersburg}} in Russia - instead, the city is shown as landlocked.
 
** Norway should border Russia. See {{w|Norway–Russia border}}.
 
** Norway should border Russia. See {{w|Norway–Russia border}}.
−
** Azerbaijan territory is mistakenly attributed to Georgia &ndash; Georgia should not have coast on the Caspian Sea. Armenia should not have coast on the Caspian Sea as well.
 
 
** Tajikistan should not border Kazakhstan and follows UTC+5 rather than UTC+6. These would apply to Kyrgyzstan, which is not drawn in the map; Kyrgyzstan, however, does not border Afghanistan.
 
** Tajikistan should not border Kazakhstan and follows UTC+5 rather than UTC+6. These would apply to Kyrgyzstan, which is not drawn in the map; Kyrgyzstan, however, does not border Afghanistan.
 
** Malawi has lost its border with Tanzania.
 
** Malawi has lost its border with Tanzania.
−
 
−
===Omissions===
 
−
Some countries and territories are missing from the map. Most of these omissions are undoubtedly deliberate, but some are likely mistakes.
 
−
 
−
* Countries supposedly too small to show on the map's scale are omitted. These include small European countries: {{w|Andorra}}, {{w|Kosovo}}, {{w|Liechtenstein}}, {{w|Luxembourg}}, {{w|Malta}}, {{w|Monaco}}, {{w|San Marino}} and the {{w|Vatican City}}, {{w|Djibouti}} in Africa, {{w|Singapore}} in Asia.
 
−
* All the Pacific Ocean isles, including {{w|Hawaii}}.
 
−
* All Atlantic and Indian Ocean isles excluding {{w|Sri Lanka}} and {{w|Madagascar}}.
 
−
* Most of the small Caribbean countries and territories; however four small dots in the {{w|Lesser Antilles}} are depicted, but are unlabelled and cannot be definitively identified.
 
−
* Kyrgyzstan is clearly omitted by mistake.
 
  
 
===Map with Labeled time zones===
 
===Map with Labeled time zones===
−
*[[:File:1799 Map with Labeled time zones.PNG| Here]] is a map with labeled time zones, made by a user who posted the link in the [[#Discussion|discussion]].<br>
+
*Here is a [http://i.imgur.com/L44ruPy.png map], made by a user who posted the link in the [[#Discussion|discussion]]:<br>
−
 
+
[[File:1799 Map with Labeled time zones.PNG]]
−
===Time zone map overlayed the comic===
 
−
*And [[:File:1799_overlay.png| here]] is an attempt that shows a {{w|time zone}} map overlayed with the comic.<br>
 
  
 
{{comic discussion}}
 
{{comic discussion}}
Line 517: Line 516:
 
[[Category:Large drawings]]
 
[[Category:Large drawings]]
 
[[Category:Comics with color]]
 
[[Category:Comics with color]]
 +
[[Category:Maps]]
 
[[Category:Bad Map Projections]]
 
[[Category:Bad Map Projections]]
−
[[Category:Footnotes]] <!-- (in Australia) * half-hour offset -->
 

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