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| | ==Explanation== | | ==Explanation== |
| − | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl_Qyk9DSUw ‘It’s one banana, Michael. What could it cost, $10?'] is a line from an {{w|Arrested Development}} episode (Season 1, Episode 6, "Charity Drive", 2003) that became a well-known meme used to mock out-of-touch elites. The character who spoke this line (Lucille Bluth, a wealthy socialite) made a satirically high estimate for the price of a banana because she had never bought her own groceries. According to the graph, the banana price at the time of that episode was actually just under 25 cents, and the price at the time of this comic’s publication (2024) is around 30 cents.
| + | {{incomplete|Created by a BOT SELLING BANANAS FOR $10 - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}} |
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| − | The comic is a wry observation that the irony of this sitcom line will "probably" be anachronistically meaningless in a century or so, presenting three predictions of banana prices over the next 250 years that each extrapolate from the current 2024 price using different long-term inflation rates.
| + | ‘It’s one banana, Michael. What could it cost, $10?' is a line from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrested_Development Arrested Development]. |
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| − | The three extrapolations use (1) the general inflation rate (a value dominated by the cost of housing), (2) the inflation rate for fresh fruit, and (3) 45 years of historic banana prices. Those models present the joke becoming reality around 2140, 2170 and 2250, respectively.
| + | This comic shows 3 different linear extrapolations of the increase in banana prices -- based on 3 different relevant growth rates -- and shows that if current trends continue, a banana's price is likely to indeed exceed $10 in a century or two, making the line from the sitcom meaningless. |
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| − | The caption’s claim that banana prices could exceed $10 in a century are based on the fastest rising extrapolation, the one for “general inflation.” This extrapolation predicts a banana’s price to rise from 30 cents to $10 in approximately 115 years. This 115-year increase corresponds to an average long-term inflation rate of about 3.2%, close to the historic US average. | + | The title text is a meta-joke about the false precision of extrapolations. Any extrapolation into the distant future based on past data points is just an educated guess likely to be at least somewhat wrong. However, it could very well be quite wrong, with an error far in excess of 10%. Assuming that the error couldn't be more than 10% shows that the person reviewing the linear extrapolation is presuming way more accuracy from a multi-century prediction than is warranted. |
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| − | The reference to "BLS/St. Louis FRED" refers to The {{w|Bureau of Labor Statistics}} and {{w|St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index|St Louis FRED}}, widely respected sources of economic data. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis maintains the FRED database; FRED stands for Federal Reserve Economic Data.
| + | This is the 2nd comic in a row to involve logarithms, the previous being Log Cabin, and the 2nd comic in the last four to involve prediction across centuries, the previous being Greenhouse Effect. |
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| − | The title text continues the ignorant tone of Lucille Bluth to make two jokes.
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| − | # A satirical guess of 10% error. The humor is that the three predictions themselves (from 115 years to 220 years) predict wildly different years of a $10 banana. Economic extrapolation into the distant future is at most an educated guess, with an expected error far in excess of 10%. Guessing such small errors in such speculative projections is just as clueless as guessing that individual bananas cost so much.
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| − | # An ignorant reference to these as “linear extrapolations.” While they look linear, they are actually ''exponential'' extrapolations. The graph is log-linear, with price as a logarithmic scale on the vertical (left) axis, which makes it possible to visualize the exponential growth extrapolation as a straight line. In other words, an extrapolation line on a graph with a logarithmic scale is actually exponential.
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| − | It’s not typical to plot commodity prices on a log-scale, but maybe Randall did this to allow himself to make this subtle “linear extrapolation” joke.
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| − | This comic uses several common xkcd themes: | |
| − | * '''Log scales''' and their peculiarities are a recurring xkcd theme, and this is the second comic in a row to play with logarithms (the prior one being [[2891: Log Cabin]]).
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| − | * It's also the second comic in the last four to involve '''predictions across centuries''' (i.e. [[2889: Greenhouse Effect]]).
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| − | * '''Extrapolation''' is also a theme in [[605: Extrapolating]] and [[1007: Sustainable]].
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| − | ===Discussion of price references in fiction===
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| − | It's common for fictional works to {{tvtropes|UndisclosedFunds|avoid mentioning actual prices or amounts of money}}. One reason is that presenting an actual amount risks the work becoming dated by inflation. A price that's presented as surprisingly high can lose its impact as the value of money changes, making it difficult for a punchline or a dramatic moment to land. In this case, however, the number is so exaggerated (being around 40 times higher than the actual price of a banana), that it's unlikely for inflation to impact the joke in the immediate future. Twenty years after the episode first aired, the joke works just as well as it did.
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| − | While the graph is about ordinary bananas, technically Lucille may have been guessing the price of frozen and chocolate-dipped bananas, which sold for $1 to $4 in the early 2000s. The only thing this changes is the interpretation of her estimate as perhaps being slightly less out-of-touch.
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| − | ===Panama disease===
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| − | The banana price can possibly be highly affected by the {{w|Panama disease}}:
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| − | <blockquote>During the 1950s, an outbreak of Panama disease almost wiped out commercial Gros Michel banana production. The Gros Michel banana was the dominant cultivar of bananas, and Fusarium wilt inflicted enormous costs and forced producers to switch to other, disease-resistant cultivars. Since the 2010s, '''a new outbreak of Panama disease caused by the strain Tropical Race 4 (TR4) has threatened the production of the Cavendish banana, today's most popular cultivar'''.</blockquote>
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| | ==Transcript== | | ==Transcript== |
| | {{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}} | | {{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}} |
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| − | :[A graph with the x-axis showing time, from the years 1950 to around 2275. The y-axis is a log scale showing the price of a banana from $0.10 to over $10.00. A label called "Price of a banana (BLS/St. Louis ''Fred''[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/])" show a rising trend in the price of a banana. There are two dots on that trend. One is labeled "Episode airs" and the other one "Now". 3 extrapolations shown as dashed lines labeled "General inflation rate", "Fresh fruit price trend" and "Banana price trend" extend until reaching the $10 mark, indicated by 3 dots.] | + | :[A graph with the x-axis showing time, from the years 1950 to around 2275. The y-axis is a log scale showing the price of a banana. A label called "Price of a banana (BLS/St. Louis ''Fred'')" show a rising trend in the price of a banana. There are two dots on that trend. One is labeled "Episode airs" and the other one "Now". 3 extrapolations labeled "General inflation rate", "Fresh fruit price trend" and "Banana price trend" extend until reaching the $10 mark, indicated by 3 dots.] |
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| − | :[Caption above the graph:] "It's one banana, Michael. What could it cost? $10?" | + | :Caption above the graph : "It's one banana, Michael. What could it cost? $10? |
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| − | :[Caption below the panel:] That line probably has another century or so left. | + | :Caption below comic : That line probably has another century or so left. |
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| | {{comic discussion}} | | {{comic discussion}} |
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| − | [[Category:Line graphs]]
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| − | [[Category:Timelines]]
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| − | [[Category:Fiction]]
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| − | [[Category:Extrapolation]]
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| − | [[Category:Food]]
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