Editing 1491: Stories of the Past and Future

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| title    = Stories of the Past and Future
 
| title    = Stories of the Past and Future
 
| image    = stories_of_the_past_and_future.png
 
| image    = stories_of_the_past_and_future.png
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| titletext = Little-known fact: The 'Dawn of Man' opening sequence in 2001 cuts away seconds before the Flintstones theme becomes recognizable.
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| titletext = Little-known fact: The 'Dawn of Man' opening sequence in 2001 cuts away seconds before the Flinstones theme becomes recognizable.
 
}}
 
}}
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{{TOC}}
 
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*A larger version of this image can be found [https://xkcd.com/1491/large/ here].
 
  
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== Explanation ==
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==Explanation==
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It's long been common for narrative works to be set in the past, and this tendency goes back to ancient mythology. The opposite approach, setting a work in a speculative future, has been less common prior to modern times. The oldest example Randall presents is from 1733, but it didn't really become a trend until well into the 19th century, and didn't become really common until the 20th century.
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{{incomplete|Created by a BOT - Please change this comment when editing this page.}}
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''A larger version of the image is available [http://xkcd.com/1491/large/ here].''
  
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For works set in the future, particularly in the near future, there's a real possibility that audiences will still read or watch it past the date in which is was set, allowing them to compare the real world of this era to the one the author projected. This doesn't make the work less valuable, necessarily, but it does make the limits of such speculation painfully obvious, and tends to make the [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Zeerust future presented there look dated and quaint]. Randall labels these futuristic works as "obsolete".
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X-axis: Date of publication.
  
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For works set in the past, there's an opposite and somewhat more subtle effect.  Once the work itself is old enough, audiences tend to forget that they were intended as historical fiction in the first place. If an old work is set in the past, it's often assumed that they were set in their own time, not in the still more distant past. That impacts how we experience the work, because we tend to assume that it's a faithful representation of its own time, not a later interpretation that was intended to be old (and possibly nostalgic) even in its own time.
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Y-axis, "Years in the future": Number of years the story's events take place, after the story's publication.
  
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On top of this, in a similar situation to the failed attempt at {{w|futurology}}, for future-facing works of fiction, even a conscientiously faithful 'historic' film can age badly. Later understanding of previously hazy historical situations can be developed between the time of the fictional work being authored and your experience of it.
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Y-axis, "Years in the past": Number of years the story's events take place, before the story's publication.
  
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To demonstrate those impacts, this chart sorts various works by the year they were created, graphed against how far in the past or future they were originally set.  Lines on the chart are added to separate when each work ceases to work as either a prediction or as a [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/PeriodPiece period piece]. For future works, the cut-off is obvious: if it was set in a year prior to the current year, we know that the predictions are obsolete (and can easily determine how accurate or inaccurate that future is).  Hence, at the time the chart was written (in 2015), works like ''1984'' and ''2001: A Space Odyssey'' are obsolete, while works like ''Star Trek'', which take place in a more distant future, are still theoretically possible. (''Back to the Future Part II'' is deliberately right on the line, as it was set in 2015).
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For example, "Water Margin" was published in the 14th century (x ~= 1300) and relates events from the 12th century, about 200 years before its publication (y ~= 200 in the past).
  
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For the past works, Randall sets the cut-off as when the work itself is older than the events in question were when it was first written/made.  Hence, modern audiences are unlikely to realize that the Epic of Gilgamesh was intended to sound ancient, even when it was new, or that novels like ''Les Miserables'' were intended as historical fiction, or even that films like ''Chinatown'' or shows like ''Happy Days'' were intended as period pieces when they were made.  To modern audiences, we just see an old work set in an old time, and tend to assume that the two periods were the same.
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Another example: The film ''{{w|The Bridge on the River Kwai}}'' was released in 1957 and it was set around 14 years before (~1942-43).
  
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The setup of the chart points to the reality that, in process of time, more and more works will cross those lines. Future audiences will likely assume that films like ''Apollo 13'' and ''Schindler's List'' were made around the time of the events in question. And modern science fiction works, if they're still remembered in the future, will become just as obsolete as past works.  And Randall even indicates "this chart" on the chart, apparently acknowledging that it will become dated as time goes by.  
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Grey area in the "Years in the future" part: Stories set in the future (from their publication's date), whose the story's events' date is already past (from now).
  
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The title text jokes that ''2001'' cuts from prehistoria to the future before ''The Flintstones'' theme can become recognizable. This references the fact that, despite being primarily set in what was then the future, the film opens in the ancient past, thus appearing in both parts of the graph, with one part being very close to ''The Flintstones''. This plays on the fact that one of these was a very serious work and the other a playful animated show that was intended as family comedy.  
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Grey area in the "Years in the past" part: Stories set in the past (from their publication's date), published closer to their setting than to today.
  
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===How to read the graph===
 
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* X-axis: Date of publication.
 
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* Y-axis, "Years in the future": Number of years the story's events take place, after the story's publication.
 
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* Y-axis, "Years in the past": Number of years the story's events take place, before the story's publication.
 
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: For example, "Water Margin" was published in the 14th century (x ~= 1300) and relates events from the 12th century, about 200 years before its publication (y ~= 200 in the past).
 
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: Another example: The film ''{{w|The Bridge on the River Kwai}}'' was released in 1957 and it was set around 14 years before (~1942-43).
 
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* Grey area in the "Years in the future" part: Stories set in the future (relative to their publication date), for which the date of the events in the story is already in the past (relative to the publication date of the comic). The white and gray areas in this part of the graph are defined as "still possible" and "obsolete", respectively. The gray area (obsolete) will expand over time, assuming more works aren't added in the future: predictions from science fiction or futuristic work that are not confirmed by reality are doomed to be obsolete.
 
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* Grey area in the "Years in the past" part: Stories set in the past (relative to their publication date) but published closer to their setting than to today. The warning "Modern audiences may not recognize which part were supposed to sound old" is a recurrent theme in the author's work, being already formulated in [[771: Period Speech|Period Speech]] comic. The white area seems to be the region where modern readers will be able to distinguish the past setting of a work from the age of the work itself. This gray area will grow over time (again assuming new works set in the past are not added) with more and more works being indistinguishable as works set in the past.
 
  
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Taking the "years in the past" on the y-axis to be read as negatives like in most graphs one can write
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Taking the "years in the past" on the y-axis to be read as negatives like in most graphs one can write:
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* Dates on the lower line satisfy the equation y = x-2015. Corresponding works were published in the year x = 2015+y and are set in the year x+y = 2015+2y.
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* Dates on the upper line satisfy the equation y = 2015-x. Corresponding works were published in the year x = 2015-y and are set in the year x+y = 2015.
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Dates on the lower line satisfy: y = x-2015. Corresponding works were published in the year x = 2015+y and are set in the year x+y = 2015+2y.
 +
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Dates on the upper line satisfy: y = 2015-x. Corresponding works were published in the year x = 2015-y and are set in the year x+y = 2015.
 +
 
Thus it's clear that the definitions of the lines are consistent with each other as they follow similar but inverted functions.
 
Thus it's clear that the definitions of the lines are consistent with each other as they follow similar but inverted functions.
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The graph uses variable {{w|logarithmic scale}}s, adjusting the scale in various regions to the temporal density of works being plotted. If the scale were linear, the graph would in fact represent a (bidimensional) {{w|Minkowski diagram}}, which depicts the moving cones of past and future in spacetime as one's present advances in time.
 
  
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=== Works listed ===
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In the top portion of the graph, the two sides of the line are defined as "still possible" and "obsolete" (gray area). The gray area (obsolete) expands over time, the prediction (or science fiction work) that are not confirmed by reality are doomed to be obsolete. The author mark the line of the stories set in 2015; they are the expectation for our present in different past times.  
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Differences listed in <span style="color:#FF0000;">bright red</span> are "former period pieces." Differences listed in <span style="color:#8B0000;">dark red</span> are other works set in the past. Differences listed in <span style="color:#32cd32;">bright green</span> are "obsolete" works set in the future. Differences listed in <span style="color:#006400;">dark green</span> are other works set in the future.
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 +
In the bottom graph, the line indicates the limit in which the publishing time is nearer to the time treated in the work than to the present. The work in the gray area could be perceived as written by contemporary writers while in most cases they refer to a further past. This is expressed in the warning: "Modern audiences may not recognize which part were supposed to sound old". This is a recurrent theme in the author's work, being already formulated in [[Period_Speech]].
  
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Asterisks (*) after a year of publication denote that it applies to the first installment in a series that spanned more than one year.
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The bottom of the chart has the Star Wars films, which are set "A long time ago".
  
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You can sort by a specific column in this table by clicking on its header.
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===Works listed===
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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{| {{table}}
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Publication'''
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Publication'''
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Description'''
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Description'''
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" data-sort-type="number"|'''Year written'''
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Year Written'''
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" data-sort-type="number"|'''Year difference'''
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Year Difference'''
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" data-sort-type="number"|'''Year set in'''
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Year Set In'''
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! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Notes'''
 
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|-
 
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| ''{{w|Epic of Gilgamesh}}''|| ancient Mesopotamian epic poem || data-sort-value="-2100"|~2100 BCE||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="500" | ~500|| data-sort-value="-2600"|~2600 BCE|| {{w|Enmebaragesi}}, a historically attested ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' character, is thought to have lived around 2600 BCE
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Iliad|The Iliad}}''||epic written by Greek poet Homer || data-sort-value="-750"|700s BCE ||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="500" | ~500 || data-sort-value="-1260"| 1260–1240 BCE ||
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| [[Wikipedia:Memoirs of the Twentieth Century|Memoirs of the Twentieth Century]]|| book written by Samuel Madden||1733||264||1997
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Book of Genesis}}''||first book of the Bible, describing the creation of the world || data-sort-value="-500"|500s–400s BCE ||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="3200" | ~3200 || data-sort-value="-3761"| 3761 BCE || The ''{{w|Anno Mundi}}'' epoch, the product of scriptural calculations by {{w|Maimonides}}, places the Genesis date of the creation of the world at October 7, 3761 BCE in the {{w|proleptic Julian calendar}}
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| [[Wikipedia:Golf in the Year 2000|Golf in the Year 2000]]|| novel written by J. McCullough||1892||108||2000
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|History of the Peloponnesian War}}''||history written by Thucydides|| data-sort-value="-400"|~400 BCE||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="10" | ~10|| data-sort-value="-431"|431–411 BCE||
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| [[Wikipedia:Looking Backward|Looking Backward]]|| novel written by Edward Bellamy||1888||112||2000
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Gospels}}''|| collection of literary works detailing the life of Jesus of Nazareth || data-sort-value="65"|~65–110 CE ||style="color:#FF0000;" | 25–75 || data-sort-value="-7"|7–2 BCE – 30–33 CE || Setting dates are those of Jesus' estimated lifetime. Writing dates are as follows: Mark 65–73 CE; Matthew 70–100 CE; Luke 80–100 CE; John 90–110 CE. Randall's difference calculation seems to be based on the date of Jesus' death, as the majority of the Gospels' events takes place during the three years prior to Jesus's death.
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| [[Wikipedia:Enoch Soames|Enoch Soames]]|| short story by Max Beerbohm||1897||100||1997
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Ashokavadana}}''||narrative of the life of Ashoka the Great||100s CE||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="400" | ~400|| data-sort-value="-304"|304–232 BCE||
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| [[Wikipedia:The Time Machine|The Time Machine]]|| novel written by H.G. Wells||1895||800,806||802,701
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Pillow Book}}''||book written by Sei Shōnagon||1002||style="color:#FF0000;" | 6||996||
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| [[Wikipedia:Nineteen Eighty-Four|1984]]||novel written by George Orwell||1949||35||1984
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Water Margin}}''||novel by Shi Nai'an|| data-sort-value="1375"|late 1300s||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="150" | ~150|| data-sort-value="1100"|early 1100s
+
| [[Wikipedia:Wythnos yng Nghymru Fydd|A Week in the Wales of the Future]]||novel written by Islwyn Ffowc Elis||1957||76||2033
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Richard III (play)|Richard III}}''||play by William Shakespeare||1597||style="color:#FF0000;" | 112–119||1478–1485||
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| [[Wikipedia:The Jetsons|The Jetsons]]||TV series produced by Hanna-Barbera||1962 *||100||2062 †
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Henry IV (play)|Henry IV}}''||plays by William Shakespeare||1598*||style="color:#FF0000;" | 185–196||1402–1413||
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| [[Wikipedia:Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek !TOS!]]||TV series created by Gene Roddenberry||1966 *||298||2264
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|King Lear}}''||play by William Shakespeare||1608||style="color:#8B0000;" | 2400|| data-sort-value="-700"|700s BCE||
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| [[Wikipedia:2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1968||33||2001
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|King John (play)|King John}}''||play by William Shakespeare||1623||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="400" | ~400|| data-sort-value="1200"|~1200–1216||
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| [[Wikipedia:Space: 1999|Space: 1999]]||TV series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson||1975 *||24||1999
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII}}''||play by William Shakespeare||1623||style="color:#FF0000;" | 90–102||1521–1533||
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| [[Wikipedia:2010: Odyssey Two|2010: Odyssey Two]]||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1982||28||2010
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar}}''||play by William Shakespeare||1623||style="color:#8B0000;" | 1667–1670|| data-sort-value="-45"|45–42 BCE||
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| [[Wikipedia:Star Trek: The Next Generation|Star Trek: The Next Generation]]||TV series created by Gene Roddenberry||1987 *||377||2364
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Memoirs of the Twentieth Century}}''|| book written by Samuel Madden||1733||style="color:#32cd32;" | 264||1997||
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| [[Wikipedia:2061: Odyssey Three|2061: Odyssey Three]]||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1987||74||2061
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Rip Van Winkle|Rip Van Winkel}}'' [sic]||short story by Washington Irving||1819||style="color:#FF0000;" | 32–52||1767–1787||It's not clear why Randall has chosen 1787 as the year that Rip Van Winkle awakes.
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| [[Wikipedia:Zero Wing|Zero Wing]]||arcade/computer game||1989||112||2101 (previously referenced in [[887: Future Timeline]])
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Last of the Mohicans}}''||novel by James Cooper||1826||style="color:#FF0000;" | 69||1757||
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| [[Wikipedia:3001: The Final Odyssey|3001: The Final Odyssey]]||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1997||1004||3001
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Moby-Dick}}''||novel by Herman Melville||1851||style="color:#FF0000;" | 5+|| data-sort-value="1845"|before 1846 || Inspired by events occurring in 1820, the late 1830s, and the early 1840s
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| [[Wikipedia:Star Trek: Enterprise|Enterprise]]||TV series||2001 *||150||2151
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|A Tale of Two Cities}}''|| book by Charles Dickens ||1859||style="color:#FF0000;" | 84||1775
+
| [[Wikipedia:Back to the Future Part II|Back to the Future Part II]]||film directed by Robert Zemeckis||1989||26||2015
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Les Misérables|Les Miserábles}}'' [sic]||novel by Victor Hugo||1862||style="color:#FF0000;" | 47||1815–1832||
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| [[Wikipedia:The Transformers (TV series)|Transformers (TV Series)]]||TV series||1984 *||~ 20||< 2010
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Treasure Island}}''||novel by Robert Louis Stevenson||1883||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="120" | ~120|| data-sort-value="1760"|~1760||
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| [[Wikipedia:Terminator 2: Judgment Day|Terminator 2 (1995 Portion)]]||film directed by James Cameron||1991||4||1995
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Looking Backward}}''|| novel written by Edward Bellamy||1888||style="color:#32cd32;" | 112||2000||
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| [[Wikipedia:Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]||film directed by Michael Curtiz||1942||< 1||1941
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court}}''||novel by Mark Twain||1889||style="color:#8B0000;" | 1361||528||
+
| [[Wikipedia:The Pillow Book|The Pillow Book]]||book written by Sei Shōnagon||1002||6||996
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Golf in the Year 2000}}''|| novel written by J. McCullough||1892||style="color:#32cd32;" | 108||2000||
+
| [[Wikipedia:History of the Peloponnesian War|History of the Peloponnesian War]]||history written by Thucydides||~400 BCE||~10||431-411 BCE
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Time Machine}}''|| novel written by H.G. Wells||1895||style="color:#006400;" | 800,000–<br />1 billion||802,701–<br/>1 billion|| Note that Randall has included only part of the book; which includes scenes all the way from the time of writing to the death of the last life on Earth. The novel itself identifies the latest part as being "more than thirty million years" in the future, based on the theories of the Sun's lifespan at the time.
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| Moby Dick||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Enoch Soames}}''|| short story by Max Beerbohm||1916||style="color:#32cd32;" | 81||1997||Soames was transported from 1897 to 1997 and back.
+
| Gospels||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Gone With The Wind}}''|| novel by Margaret Mitchel ||1936||style="color:#FF0000;" | 75||1861
+
| The Epic of Gilgamesh||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Lest Darkness Fall}}''||alternate history SF novel by L. Sprague de Camp||1939||style="color:#8B0000;" | 1404||535||
+
| The Iliad||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Casablanca (film)|Casablanca}}''||film directed by Michael Curtiz||1942||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="0.9" | <1||1941||The film was released 26 November 1942 and is set in early December 1941.
+
| Ashokavadana||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Oklahoma!}}''||Broadway musical||1943||style="color:#FF0000;" | 37||1906||
+
| Book of Genesis||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Nineteen Eighty-Four|1984}}''||novel written by George Orwell||1949||style="color:#32cd32;" | 35||1984||
+
| Water Margin||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Bridge on the River Kwai}}''||film by David Lean||1952||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="10" | ~10||1942–1943||
+
| King John||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Gunsmoke}}''||American radio and television series||1952*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="75" | ~75||1870s||1952 is when the radio series started. The TV series didn't start until 1955.
+
| Henry IV||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments}}''||film by Cecil B. DeMille||1956||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="3000" | ~3000|| data-sort-value="-1446"|{{w|The Exodus#Date|~1446 BCE}}||The full timespan is supposedly 80 years (40 before Moses is exiled, then 40 in exile).
+
| Richard III||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Music Man}}''||Broadway musical||1957||style="color:#FF0000;" | 45||1912||
+
| Henry VIII||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Wythnos yng Nghymru Fydd|A Week in the Wales of the Future}}''||novel written by Islwyn Ffowc Elis||1957||style="color:#006400;" | 76||2033||
+
| Julius Caesar||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|''{{w|Asterix}}''||French comic by Goscinny and Uderzo||1959*||style="color:#8B0000;" | 2009|| data-sort-value="-50"|50 BCE||
+
| King Lear||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Flintstones}}''||TV series produced by Hanna-Barbera||1960*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="2,500,000" | ~2.5 million|| data-sort-value="-2,500,000"|{{w|Stone Age|Stone Age}}||
+
| A Conneticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Catch-22}}'' (Book)||novel by Joseph Heller||1961||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="17" | ~17||1942–44||
+
| [[wikipedia:Lest Darkness Fall|Lest Darkness Fall]]||alternate history SF novel||1939||1404||535
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Jetsons}}''||TV series produced by Hanna-Barbera||1962*||style="color:#006400;" | 100||data-sort-value="2062"|~2062||
+
| Asterix||French comic by Goscinny and Uderzo||1959*||2009||50 B.C.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Lawrence of Arabia}}''||film by David Lean||1962||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="44" | ~44||1916–1918||
+
| The Ten Commandments||film by Cecil B. DeMille||1956||3412||[[wikipedia:The Exodus#Date|1446 BCE]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape}}''||film by John Sturges||1963||style="color:#FF0000;" | 20||1943–1944||
+
| The Flintstones||TV series produced by Hanna-Barbera||1960*||>2,5 million||Stone Age
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek}}'' (TOS)||TV series created by Gene Roddenberry||1966*||style="color:#006400;" | 298||2264||
+
| 2001: A Space Odyssey (prologue)||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1968|||>2,5 million||Stone Age ([[wikipedia:Lower Paleolithic|Lower Paleolithic]])|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde}}''||film by Arthur Penn||1967||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="33" | ~33||1932–1934||
+
| Star Wars (IV - VI)||original film trilogy ||1977-1983|| ||A long time ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey}}''||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1968||style="color:#32cd32;" | 33||2001||
+
| Star Wars (I - III)||prequel film trilogy||1999-2005|| ||A long time ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|2001: A Space Odyssey|2001: A Space Odyssey}}'' (prologue)||prologue to novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1968||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="3,000,000" | 3 million|| data-sort-value="-3,000,000"|3 million BCE||4 million years BCE in the movie
+
| Raptor Red||novel by Robert Bakker||1995||>65 million||Cretaceous Period
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Catch-22 (film)|Catch-22}}'' (Movie)||film by Mike Nichols||1970||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="26" | ~26||1942–1944||
+
| Star Wars (VII - IX)||sequel film trilogy||2015-2021|| ||A long time ago
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|MASH (film)|M*A*S*H}}''||film by Robert Altman||1970||style="color:#FF0000;" | 19||1951||
+
| Ice Age||animated films by Blue Sky Studios||2002*||>12,000||[[wikipedia:Last glacial period| Paleolithic-Mesolithic]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Patton (film)|Patton}}''||film by Franklin J. Schaffner||1970||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="25" | ~25||1943–1945||
+
| 10,000 BC||film by Roland Emmerich||2008||11,992||10,000 BC
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|American Graffiti}}''||film by George Lucas||1973||style="color:#FF0000;" | 11||1962||
+
| 300||film by Zack Snyder||2007||2487||[[wikipedia:Battle of Thermopylae|480 BC]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Blazing Saddles}}''||film by Mel Brooks||1974||style="color:#8B0000;" | 100||1874||
+
| Year One||film by Harold Ramis||2009||2008||1 AD
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Chinatown (1974 film)|Chinatown}}''||film by Roman Polanski||1974||style="color:#FF0000;" | 37||1937||
+
| The Prince of Egypt||animated film by DreamWorks||1998||3412||[[wikipedia:The Exodus#Date|1446 BCE]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Happy Days}}''||TV series||1974*||style="color:#FF0000;" | 19–29||1955–1965||
+
| Downton Abbey||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Space: 1999}}''||TV series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson||1975*||style="color:#32cd32;" | 24||1999||
+
| Pearl Harbour||film by Michael Bay||2001||60||1941
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Annie (musical)|Annie}}'' (play)||Broadway musical||1977||style="color:#8B0000;" | 44||1933||
+
| Saving Private Ryan||film by Steven Spielberg||1998||54||1944
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Roots (miniseries)|Roots}}''||TV series, adapted from eponymous novel||1977||style="color:#8B0000;" | 90–227||1750–1882||
+
| Chariots of Fire||film by Hugh Hudson||1981||57||1924
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Wars#Original trilogy|Star Wars}}'' (IV – VI)||original film trilogy ||1977*|| style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="1,000,000,000" | 1 billion || data-sort-value="-1,000,000,000"|"A long time ago"|| It's not clear why Randall has chosen 1 billion years here. Wookieepedia puts the age of the ''Star Wars'' galaxy at [https://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/13,000,000,000_BBY ~13 billion years], and our Universe is only 13.8 billion years old, and the oldest known galaxy took 380 million years to form... So it would seem ''Star Wars'' should be no farther than 400 million years in the past, give or take.
+
| Blazing Saddles||film by Mel Brooks||1974||100||1874
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Grease (film)|Grease}}''||film by Randall Kleiser||1978||style="color:#FF0000;" | 20||1958||
+
| Back to the Future Part III||film by Robert Zemeckis||1990||105||1885
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Apocalypse Now}}''||film by Francis Ford Coppola||1979||style="color:#FF0000;" | 10||1969||
+
| Roots||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Chariots of Fire}}''||film by Hugh Hudson||1981||style="color:#8B0000;" | 57||1924||
+
| Treasure Island||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|2010: Odyssey Two}}''||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1982||style="color:#32cd32;" | 28||2010||
+
| The Last of the Mohicans||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Annie (1982 film)|Annie}}'' (movie)||film adaptation of the above by John Huston||1982||style="color:#8B0000;" | 49||1933||
+
| A Tale of Two Cities||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Gandhi (film)|Gandhi}}''||film by Richard Attenborough||1982||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="34" | ~34||1893–1948||
+
| Gone With The Wind||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Right Stuff (film)|The Right Stuff}}''||film by Philip Kaufman||1983||style="color:#FF0000;" data-sort-value="20" | ~20||1947–63||
+
| Gunsmoke||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Transformers (TV series)|Transformers}}''  (TV Series)||TV series||1984*||style="color:#32cd32;" data-sort-value="20" | ~20||data-sort-value="2004"|~2004||Only seasons 3 and 4 are set in the year 2005 onwards. Seasons 1 and 2 were set in 1984-85.
+
| Rip Van Winkel [sic]||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Back to the Future}}''||film by Robert Zemeckis||1985||style="color:#FF0000;" | 30||1955||
+
| Les Miserábles [sic]||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Platoon (film)|Platoon}}''||film by Oliver Stone||1986||style="color:#FF0000;" | 21||1967||
+
| Oklahoma!||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Dirty Dancing}}''||film by Emile Ardolino||1987||style="color:#FF0000;" | 24||1963||
+
| Lawrence of Arabia||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Trek: The Next Generation|Star Trek: The Next Generation}}''||TV series created by Gene Roddenberry||1987*||style="color:#006400;" | 377||2364||
+
| The Music Man||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|2061: Odyssey Three}}''||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1987||style="color:#006400;" | 74||2061||
+
| Annie (Play)||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Wonder Years}}''||TV series||1988*||style="color:#FF0000;" | 20–25||1968–1973||
+
| Annie (Movie)||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Back to the Future Part II|Back to the Future Part II}}''||film directed by Robert Zemeckis||1989||style="color:#32cd32;" | 26||2015||Only the first part of the movie is set in 2015; later the setting moves to an alternate 1985 and a revisit of 1955.
+
| Schindler's List||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Zero Wing}}''||arcade/computer game||1989||style="color:#006400;" | 112||2101||Previously referenced in [[887: Future Timeline]]
+
| Mad Men||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Back to the Future Part III}}''||film by Robert Zemeckis||1990||style="color:#8B0000;" | 105||1885||
+
| Evita||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|JFK (film)|JFK}}''||film by Oliver Stone||1991||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="22" | ~22||1963–1969||
+
| Bonnie and Clyde||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Terminator 2: Judgment Day|Terminator 2}}'' (1995 Portion)||film directed by James Cameron||1991||style="color:#32cd32;" | 4||1995||
+
| Chinatown||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Sandlot}}''||film by David Mickey Evans||1993||style="color:#8B0000;" | 31||1962||
+
| Gandhi||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Schindler's List}}''||film by Steven Spielberg||1993||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="50" | ~50||1939–1945||
+
| The Sandlot||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13}}''||film by Ron Howard||1995||style="color:#8B0000;" | 25||1970||
+
| Back to the Future||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Raptor Red}}''||novel by Robert Bakker||1995||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="65,000,000" | ~65 million|| data-sort-value="-65,000,000"|{{w|Cretaceous Period}}||
+
| Patton||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Evita (1996 film)|Evita}}''||film by Alan Parker||1996||style="color:#8B0000;" | 44||1952||
+
| Catch-22 (Movie)||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|3001: The Final Odyssey}}''||novel written by Arthur C. Clarke||1997||style="color:#006400;" | 1004||3001||
+
| The Great Escape||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Big Lebowski}}''||film by the Coen Brothers||1998||style="color:#FF0000;" | 7||1991||
+
| Catch-22 (Book)||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Prince of Egypt}}''||animated film by DreamWorks||1998||style="color:#8B0000;" | 3400||data-sort-value="-1446"|{{w|The Exodus#Date|~1446 BCE}}||Despite the same plot of ''The Ten Commandments'', it covers only about 30 years given its Moses is much younger.
+
| M*A*S*H||film by Robert Altman||1970||19||1951
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Saving Private Ryan}}''||film by Steven Spielberg||1998||style="color:#8B0000;" | 54||1944||
+
| Grease||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|That '70s Show}}''||TV series||1998*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="22" | ~22|||1976–1979||
+
| Happy Days||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Freaks and Geeks}}''||TV series||1999*||style="color:#8B0000;" | 19||1980–1981||
+
| Platoon||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Wars#Prequel trilogy|Star Wars}}'' (I – III)||prequel film trilogy||1999*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="1,000,000,000" | 1 billion || data-sort-value="-1,000,000,000"|"A long time ago"|| See note at episodes IV–VI
+
| The Wonder Years||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor}}''||film by Michael Bay||2001||style="color:#8B0000;" | 60||1941||
+
| Dirty Dancing||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Trek: Enterprise|Enterprise}}''||TV series||2001*||style="color:#006400;" | 150||2151||
+
| The Right Stuff||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|I Love the '80s (U.S. TV series)|I Love the '80s}}''||TV miniseries by VH1||2002||style="color:#8B0000;" | 13–22||1980–1989||
+
| JFK||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Ice Age (film series)|Ice Age}}''||animated films by Blue Sky Studios||2002*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="12,000" | ~12,000|| data-sort-value="-12,000"|{{w|Last glacial period|Paleolithic-Mesolithic}}||
+
| Apollo 13||film by Ron Howard||1995||25||1970
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Hotel Rwanda}}''|| film directed by Terry George||2004||style="color:#FF0000;" | 10||1994||
+
| That '70s Show||TV series||1998-2006||>22|||1976-1979
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|I Love the '90s (U.S. TV series)|I Love the '90s}}''|| TV miniseries on VH1||2004||style="color:#FF0000;" | 5–14||1990–1999||
+
| The Wolf of Wall Street||film by Martin Scorsese||2013||>18||1987-1995
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|United 93 (film)|United 93}}''|| film directed by Paul Greengrass||2006||style="color:#FF0000;" | 5||2001||
+
| Freaks and Geeks||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|300 (film)|300}}''||film by Zack Snyder||2007||style="color:#8B0000;" | 2487|| data-sort-value="-480"|{{w|Battle of Thermopylae|480 BCE}}||
+
| I Love the '80s||||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Mad Men}}''||TV series||2007*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="47" | ~47||1960–1970||
+
| The Bridge on the River Kwai||film by David Lean||||||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|''{{w|10,000 BC (film)|10,000 BC}}''||film by Roland Emmerich||2008||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="12007" | 12,007|| data-sort-value="-10,000"|10,000 BCE||
+
| American Graffiti||film by George Lucas||1973||11||1962
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Year One (film)|Year One}}''||film by Harold Ramis||2009||style="color:#8B0000;" | 2008||data-sort-value="1"|1 CE|| The movie title is not intended to refer to 1 CE, as it is clearly set well before that; it is difficult to determine the film's actual year as it depicts Cain and Abel (c. 4000 BCE) existing simultaneously with Abraham, Sodom and Gomorrah (c. 2000 BCE).
+
| Apocalypse Now||film by Francis Ford Coppola||1979||10||1969
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Downton Abbey}}''||TV series||2010*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="90" | ~90||1912–1923||
+
| The Big Lebowski||film by the Coen Brothers||1998||7||1991
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|The Wolf of Wall Street}}''||film by Martin Scorsese||2013||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="18" | ~18||1987–1995||
+
| [[Wikipedia:United 93 (film)|United 93]]|| film directed by Paul Greengrass||2006||-5||2001
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|I Love the 2000s|I Love the 2000s}}''|| TV miniseries on VH1||2014||style="color:#8B0000;" | 14||2000||
+
| [[Wikipedia:I Love the '90s (U.S. TV series)|I Love the '90s]]|| TV miniseries on VH1||2004||-14||1990
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{w|Star Wars sequel trilogy|Star Wars}}'' (VII – IX)||sequel film trilogy||2015*||style="color:#8B0000;" data-sort-value="1,000,000,000" | 1 billion || data-sort-value="-1,000,000,000"|"A long time ago"|| See note at episodes IV–VI
+
| [[Wikipedia:Hotel Rwanda|Hotel Rwanda]]|| film directed by Terry George||2004||-10||1994
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ''{{xkcd|1491|This chart}}''||xkcd comic||2015-02-25|| 0.000 || data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-02-25||<!-- *would be cleaner as* [[1491: Stories of the Past and Future|Self-referential]] *but param-pipe apparently gets broken by table-pipe, so...* -->[https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/1491:_Stories_of_the_Past_and_Future Self-referential]
+
| [[Wikipedia:I Love the 2000s|I Love the 2000s]]|| TV miniseries on VH1||2014||-14||2000
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Errors==
+
* = first episode aired. † = conjectured year set in.
  
−
===Dates===
+
==Trivia==
−
*''{{w|Star Trek: The Next Generation}}'' is vertically positioned at about 500 years in the future, slightly too high for its actual date. This may be to allow room for other nearby labels.
+
There is a hypercorrection in ''{{w|Rip Van Winkle}}'' as ''Rip van Winkel''. Washington Irving may have misspelled ''van {{w|nl:Winkel|Winkel}}''.
−
*The {{w|Gospels}} are horizontally positioned at about the year 250 CE, when they should be positioned slightly further to the left, near the 100 CE line. (While there is debate on their date of authorship, the range of "years in the past" indicated on the graph would require authorship between roughly 50 and 100 CE.)
 
−
*''{{w|Lest Darkness Fall}}'' takes place about 1400 years in the past, in the year 535. Its placement on the graph indicates it takes place about ''535'' years in the past, in the year ''1400''.
 
  
−
===Spelling===
+
It's ''{{w|Les Misérables}}'' not ''Les Miserábles''. Note that French doesn't have "á".
−
*Author Washington Irving titled his work ''{{w|Rip Van Winkle}}'', not ''Rip van Winkel'' as [[Randall]] spells it. That said, ''van {{w|nl:Winkel|Winkel}}'' may be a more historically authentic spelling.
+
 
−
*''{{w|Les Misérables}}'' has been misspelled ''Les Miserábles'' (note that French doesn't use the character "á").
+
{{w|Lest Darkness Fall}} takes place about 1400 years in the past, but is places around the -500 years line on the graph.
  
 
==Transcript==
 
==Transcript==
 
{{incomplete transcript}}
 
{{incomplete transcript}}
−
:'''Date of publication'''
+
:'''Date of Publication'''
−
:[A logarithmic scale running horizontally, from 3000 BCE to past 2015 CE.]
+
:[A logarithmic scale running horizontally, from 3000 BCE to past 2015 CE]
−
:'''Years in the future'''
+
:'''Years in the Future'''
−
:[A logarithmic scale running vertically, from 1 billion down to 0.]
+
:[A logarithmic scale running vertically, from 1 billion down to 0]
−
:'''Stories set in the future''' (science fiction, prediction)
+
:'''Stories Set in the Future''' (Science Fiction, Prediction)
 
::Stories set in 2015
 
::Stories set in 2015
−
::[A line divides this region into two. The upper side is labelled "still possible"; the lower side is labelled "obsolete".]
+
::[A line divides this region into two. The upper side is labelled "Still Possible"; the lower side is labelled "Obsolete".]
−
:[From left to right.]
+
:[from left to right...]
−
::Memoirs of the Twentieth Century [1700, 265 years in the future]
+
::Memoirs of the Twentieth Century [1733, 265 years in the future]
 
::Looking Backward [1888, 112 years in the future]
 
::Looking Backward [1888, 112 years in the future]
 
::Golf in the Year 2000 [1892, 108 years in the future]
 
::Golf in the Year 2000 [1892, 108 years in the future]
Line 308: Line 298:
 
::Enterprise [2001-2005, 150 years in the future]
 
::Enterprise [2001-2005, 150 years in the future]
 
::This chart [2015, 0 years in the future]
 
::This chart [2015, 0 years in the future]
−
:'''Years in the past'''
+
:'''Years in the Past'''
 
:[A logarithmic scale running vertically, from 0 down past 1 billion to "Big Bang"]
 
:[A logarithmic scale running vertically, from 0 down past 1 billion to "Big Bang"]
−
:'''Stories set in the past''' (History, Period Fiction)
+
:'''Stories Set in the Past''' (History, Period Fiction)
 
::Stories written X years ago and set 2X years ago
 
::Stories written X years ago and set 2X years ago
 
::[A line divides this region into two. The upper side is labelled as follows.]
 
::[A line divides this region into two. The upper side is labelled as follows.]
−
::'''Former period pieces'''
+
::'''Former Period Pieces'''
 
::Stories set in the past, but<br/>created long enough ago that<br/>they were published closer<br/>to their setting than to today.
 
::Stories set in the past, but<br/>created long enough ago that<br/>they were published closer<br/>to their setting than to today.
 
::Modern audiences may not<br/>recognize which parts were<br/>''supposed'' to sound old.
 
::Modern audiences may not<br/>recognize which parts were<br/>''supposed'' to sound old.
−
:[From left to right.]
+
:[from left to right...]
 
::The Epic of Gilgamesh [''circa'' 2100 BCE, 600 years in the past]
 
::The Epic of Gilgamesh [''circa'' 2100 BCE, 600 years in the past]
−
::The Iliad [''circa'' 800 BCE, 450 years in the past]
+
::The Iliad [''circa''' 800 BCE, 450 years in the past]
 
::History of the Peloponnesian War [''circa'' 390 BCE, 10 years in the past]
 
::History of the Peloponnesian War [''circa'' 390 BCE, 10 years in the past]
 
::Book of Genesis [''circa'' 500 BCE, 4000 years in the past]
 
::Book of Genesis [''circa'' 500 BCE, 4000 years in the past]
Line 334: Line 324:
 
::Rip Van Winkel [1819, 31-51 years in the past]
 
::Rip Van Winkel [1819, 31-51 years in the past]
 
::A Tale of Two Cities [1859, 60 years in the past]
 
::A Tale of Two Cities [1859, 60 years in the past]
−
::Moby-Dick [1851, anywhere from 4 to 14 years ago]
+
::Moby-Dick [1851, around 10 years ago]
 
:::"Some years ago--never mind how long precisely..."
 
:::"Some years ago--never mind how long precisely..."
 
::Les Miserábles [1862, 30 years in the past]
 
::Les Miserábles [1862, 30 years in the past]
−
::Treasure Island [1883, 130 years in the past]
+
::A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
−
::A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court [1889, 2000 years in the past]
+
::Treasure Island
−
::Gone with the Wind [1936, 70 years in the past]
+
::Gone With the Wind
−
::Lest Darkness Fall [1939, 550 years in the past]
+
::Lest Darkness Fall
−
::Casablanca [1942, 1 year in the past]
+
::Casablanca
−
::Oklahoma! [1943, 37 years in the past]
+
::Oklahoma!
−
::The Ten Commandments [1956, 1400 years in the past]
+
::The Ten Commandments
−
::The Bridge on the River Kwai [1957, 13 years in the past]
+
::The Bridge on the River Kwai
−
::Gunsmoke [1952-61, 80 years in the past]
+
::Gunsmoke
−
::The Flintstones [1960-66, 100,000 years in the past]
+
::Catch-22 (book)
−
::Catch-22 (book) [1961, 18 years in the past]
+
::The Flintstones
−
::The Great Escape [1963, 20 years in the past]
+
::The Great Escape
 
::Asterix
 
::Asterix
 
::Lawrence of Arabia
 
::Lawrence of Arabia
Line 356: Line 346:
 
::American Graffiti
 
::American Graffiti
 
::Patton
 
::Patton
−
::Catch-22 (movie) [1970, 27 years in the past]
+
::Catch-22 (movie)
 
::Chinatown
 
::Chinatown
 
::Blazing Saddles
 
::Blazing Saddles
Line 401: Line 391:
 
::Downton Abbey
 
::Downton Abbey
 
::Star Wars (VII-IX)
 
::Star Wars (VII-IX)
−
 
−
==Trivia==
 
−
*Later after the initial release of this comic Randall added a link to this page. It is viewable in the HTML-source or here: [https://xkcd.com/1491/info.0.json https://xkcd.com/1491/info.0.json]. The text is: ''"this is a massive fucking graph beyond the limits of normal transcription. you can find a full listing of data points at http:\n\nwww.explainxkcd.com\nwiki\nindex.php\n1491"''.
 
  
 
{{comic discussion}}
 
{{comic discussion}}
  
 
[[Category:Large drawings]]
 
[[Category:Large drawings]]
−
[[Category:Charts]]
 
−
[[Category:Timelines]]
 
−
[[Category:Time]]
 
−
[[Category:Star Trek]]
 
−
[[Category:Terminator]]
 
−
[[Category:Back to the Future]]
 
−
[[Category:Self-reference]]
 

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