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Latest revision as of 06:19, 3 January 2026

Welcome to the explain xkcd wiki!
We have an explanation for all 3209 xkcd comics, and only 60 (1.9%) are incomplete. Help us finish them!

 Go to this explanation

Latest comic[edit]

Chemical Formula
Some of the atoms in the molecule are very weakly bound.
Title text: Some of the atoms in the molecule are very weakly bound.

Explanation[edit]

Ambox warning blue construction.png This is incomplete:
This page was created by the carbon in the universe . Don't remove this notice too soon. If you can fix this issue, edit the page!

The supposed "chemical formula for the universe" merely lists the numbers of atoms of each element. As is common practice for real compounds that contain organic structures or substructures, the numbers of atoms of carbon and hydrogen are listed before all of the others; the others are listed in alphabetical order. There are estimated to be 1080 atoms of hydrogen (H), by far the most common element in the universe. The next most common element, helium (He), is a long way to the right in the list, and out of view, but would be about a third as many as the hydrogens.

These numbers are large, but they are not nameless. Using the long and short scales, these numbers can be described as:

Pos Symb Name Quantity Short Scale name Long Scale name(s) Ranked quantity*
1 C Carbon 1076 Ten quattuorvigintillion Ten thousand duodecillion
Ten duodecilliard
4
2 H Hydrogen 1080 One hundred quinvigintillion One hundred tridecilllion 1
3 Ac Actinium 1067 Ten unvigintillion Ten undecillion ≈84
4 Ag Silver 1069 One duovigintillion One thousand undecillion
One undecilliard
≈68
5 Al Aluminium
Aluminum
1075 One quattuorvigintillion One thousand duodecillion
One duodecilliard
14
6 Am Americium 1026 One hundred septillion One hundred quadrillion ≈84
7 Ar Argon 1075 One quattuorvigintillion One thousand duodecillion
One duodecilliard
11
8 As Arsenic 1070 Ten duovigintillion Ten thousand undecillion
Ten undecilliard
≈40
9 At Astatine 1047 One hundred quattuordecillion One hundred thousand septillion
One hundred septilliard
≈84
10 Au Gold 1069 One duovigintillion One thousand undecillion
One undecilliard
≈68
11 B Boron 1071 One hundred duovigintillion One hundred thousand undecillion
One hundred undecilliard
≈61
12 Ba Barium 1070 Ten duovigintillion Ten thousand undecillion
Ten undecilliard
≈33
13 Be Beryllium 1071* One hundred duovigintillion One hundred thousand undecillion
One hundred undecilliard
≈61
43* He Helium 1079* Ten quinvigintillion Ten tridecilllion 2
73* O Oxygen 1078* One quinvigintillion One tridecilllion 3
* - Information not provided by the comic; Source for ranked data, in particular, does not 'entirely' agree with the quantities that are given in the comic.

The matter originally created in the Big Bang was unbound protons and neutrons. In the first few minutes, some of these combined to form lightweight nuclei, but most remained as protons, i.e. the nuclei of hydrogen atoms. Other, more complex atoms formed later as a result of stellar nucleosynthesis, up to atomic mass 56. Still more massive nuclei have been formed via supernova nucleosynthesis. Although the proportions of these atoms depend in a complex way on the fusion processes involved, and on the stabilities of those nuclei, the most massive atoms are generally both less favored to form and short-lived, so their elemental abundances in the universe are very small. As shown above, the number of americium (Am) atoms is much smaller than those of any other element in the visible part of the "formula". There are slightly fewer atoms of americium in the entire universe than the total number of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in 1.0 L of liquid water.

This may be poking some fun at the relative usefulness (or rather, uselessness) of chemical formulas for large organic molecules. While it is a useful concept for teaching people about chemistry and balancing equations, and it was useful in the early days of chemistry to try to categorize and learn about molecules via stoichiometry - it does not give much useful information. For example even the simple formula C11H15NO2 has 302 registered isomers.[actual citation needed] Many of them are NOT good to eat.[citation needed]

The formula as it appears in the comic is truncated. The complete formula of the universe in this style (but arranged in order of abundance after carbon) would be C₁₀⁷⁷ H₁₀⁸⁰ He₁₀⁷⁹ O₁₀⁷⁸ Ne₁₀⁷⁶ N₁₀⁷⁶ Mg₁₀⁷⁵ Si₁₀⁷⁵ Ar₁₀⁷⁵ Fe₁₀⁷⁶ S₁₀⁷⁶ Ni₁₀⁷⁵ Ca₁₀⁷⁵ Al₁₀⁷⁵ B₁₀⁷¹ Be₁₀⁷¹ Na₁₀⁷⁵ As₁₀⁷² Br₁₀⁷² Li₁₀⁷² Cr₁₀⁷⁵ Ti₁₀⁷⁴ Mn₁₀⁷⁴ P₁₀⁷⁴ K₁₀⁷⁴ V₁₀⁷⁴ Cl₁₀⁷⁴ F₁₀⁷³ Sc₁₀⁷² Co₁₀⁷⁴ Cu₁₀⁷² Zn₁₀⁷³ Ga₁₀⁷² Ge₁₀⁷³ Se₁₀⁷² Kr₁₀⁷² Rb₁₀⁷² Sr₁₀⁷² Y₁₀⁷¹ Zr₁₀⁷² Nb₁₀⁷¹ Mo₁₀⁷¹ Tc₁₀⁰ Ru₁₀⁷¹ Rh₁₀⁷⁰ Pd₁₀⁷¹ Ag₁₀⁷⁰ Cd₁₀⁷¹ In₁₀⁷⁰ Sn₁₀⁷¹ Sb₁₀⁷⁰ Te₁₀⁷² I₁₀⁷¹ Xe₁₀⁷² Cs₁₀⁷⁰ Ba₁₀⁷² La₁₀⁷¹ Ce₁₀⁷² Pr₁₀⁷¹ Nd₁₀⁷² Pm₁₀⁰ Sm₁₀⁷¹ Eu₁₀⁷⁰ Gd₁₀⁷¹ Tb₁₀⁷⁰ Dy₁₀⁷¹ Ho₁₀⁷⁰ Er₁₀⁷¹ Tm₁₀⁷⁰ Yb₁₀⁷¹ Lu₁₀⁷⁰ Hf₁₀⁷⁰ Ta₁₀⁷⁰ W₁₀⁷⁰ Re₁₀⁷⁰ Os₁₀⁷¹ Ir₁₀⁷¹ Pt₁₀⁷¹ Au₁₀⁷⁰ Hg₁₀⁷¹ Tl₁₀⁷⁰ Pb₁₀⁷² Bi₁₀⁷⁰ Po₁₀⁰ At₁₀⁰ Rn₁₀⁰ Fr₁₀⁰ Ra₁₀⁰ Ac₁₀⁰ Th₁₀⁷⁰ Pa₁₀⁰ U₁₀⁷⁰ Np₁₀⁰ Pu₁₀⁰ Am₁₀⁰ Cm₁₀⁰ Bk₁₀⁰ Cf₁₀⁰ Es₁₀⁰ Fm₁₀⁰ Md₁₀⁰ No₁₀⁰ Lr₁₀⁰ Rf₁₀⁰ Db₁₀⁰ Sg₁₀⁰ Bh₁₀⁰ Hs₁₀⁰ Mt₁₀⁰ Ds₁₀⁰ Rg₁₀⁰ Cn₁₀⁰ Nh₁₀⁰ Fl₁₀⁰ Mc₁₀⁰ Lv₁₀⁰ Ts₁₀⁰ Og₁₀⁰ according to estimates of abundance.

The title text is probably referencing gravity, because for the most part most of mentioned atoms would be "held together" only by gravity, and it is a very weak bond indeed.

Transcript[edit]

Ambox warning green construction.png This is one of 40 incomplete transcripts:
Don't remove this notice too soon. If you can fix this issue, edit the page!
[A long panel with a chemical formula trailing off the right side]
C1076 H1080 Ac1067 Ag1069 Al1075 Am1026 Ar1075 As1070 At1047 Au1069 B1071 Ba1070 Be
[Caption below the panel:] The approximate chemical formula for the universe



comment.png  Add comment      new topic.png  Create topic (use sparingly)     refresh discuss.png  Refresh 

Discussion

Make changes, try things out, or just have fun with the wiki here! Just leave everything above the line alone, please.


This is a test. PoolloverNathan[stalk the blue seas] 20:48, 16 March 2021 (UTC)

This is not. —While False (museum | talk | contributions | logs | rights | printable version | page information | what links there | related changes | Google search | current time: 08:40) 18:38, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
A foreign student asked me to help fight against his math teacher. That was unusual. He was in that class for just a couple of weeks. The teacher's phone number was sent to me. The student asked me to spam-call the teacher. 172.71.155.55 22:58, 18 September 2023 (UTC)

here i'm just messing around in html, ignore this

furhhfghure guyrburgryhuyvfr "rvhru"

interesting way of writing quotations xd

hmmm this one of putting "<p>" in a line break will come in handy for when i want it to start at the same place than the first line

Please beware that <p> on mediawiki also disables automatic paragraph breaks, so you need a closing </p> or you'll break automatic paragraph formatting for the rest of the page. Zmatt (talk) 22:06, 31 July 2024 (UTC)

edit: da hek did that "</div>" come from An user who has no account yet (talk) 14:14, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

hi uh its hard to get here. is this a reference to undocumented feature??? hmm... this is interesting.
108.162.241.216 02:05, 23 November 2023 (UTC)

Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
Tomato soup.jpg Soup
yum yum [citation needed]

Hiuiedeixgeyceiyedhcdiedcve {{trout}}

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More testing: hello ​ does​this​work (yes​it​does) This isn't a good name (talk) 22:44, 28 January 2026 (UTC)
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Lots of people contribute to make this wiki a success. Many of the recent contributors above have just joined. You can do it too! Create your account here.

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Don't be a jerk!

There are a lot of comics that don't have set-in-stone explanations; feel free to put multiple interpretations in the wiki page for each comic.

If you want to talk about a specific comic, use its discussion page.

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Recent comments:

29 January 2026

     06:04 

Talk:3200: Chemical Formula‎‎ (9 changes | history) . . (+2,475). . [99.109.3.237‎; 81.179.199.253‎; 8.17.60.225‎; 2a02:810d:9b99:7800:decb:cada:b418:2f1a‎; 174.94.104.215‎; 1234231587678‎ (2×); 208.59.176.206‎ (2×)]

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28 January 2026

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Talk:3200: Chemical Formula‎‎ (11 changes | history) . . (+3,025). . [Alexei Kopylov‎; TheusafBOT‎; DollarStoreBa'al‎; BunsenH‎; 2a00:6020:479f:6c00:d587:ac2a:d1e2:26a9‎; 2001:4c4e:1c09:ec00:7932:264e:a9e0:8ed0‎; 2001:41d0:8:5062::1‎; 2001:16b8:cc03:e100:8552:6543:7cf4:9ae7‎; 147.81.60.76‎; Dextrous Fred‎ (2×)]

     

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(cur | prev) . . (+506). . Alexei Kopylov (talk | contribs) (Amount of americium)

     

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(cur | prev) . . (+435). . BunsenH (talk | contribs) (registered isomers?)

     

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Talk:3199: Early Arthropods‎‎ (6 changes | history) . . (+118). . [82.13.184.33‎; 45.178.1.151‎; Elizium23‎ (2×); 82.132.238.49‎ (2×)]

     

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(cur | prev) . . (+269). . 82.13.184.33 (talk) (Undo revision 404431 by Elizium23 (talk) Deleting people's comments is rude)

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(cur | prev) . . (+140). . 82.132.238.49 (talk) (Undo revision 404429 by Elizium23 (talk) A bit uncouth (*possibly* in jest), and has newlines that aren't needed, but not a reason to revoke it.)

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27 January 2026

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Talk:1492: Dress Color‎‎ (2 changes | history) . . (+119). . [81.179.199.253‎; 47.28.76.207‎]

     

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Talk:3199: Early Arthropods‎‎ (10 changes | history) . . (+1,705). . [Nitpicking‎; 81.179.199.253‎; 2601:246:4a00:3e80:7401:681f:825e:af7e‎; 160.39.41.199‎; Cphoenix‎ (2×); 82.13.184.33‎ (4×)]

     

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(cur | prev) . . (+9). . Cphoenix (talk | contribs) (Tweaking my own comment)

     

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(cur | prev) . . (+558). . Cphoenix (talk | contribs) (Comment on early Cnidarians paralleling this comic's structure, with a reference to my published paper about a possible trigger for the Cambrian Explosion.)

     18:44  Talk:2394: Contiguous 41 States‎ (diff | hist) . . (+140). . 74.114.84.56 (talk)
     14:21  Talk:2184: Unpopular Opinions‎ (diff | hist) . . (+189). . 2600:1700:3d40:70f0:850e:ebbf:618f:a9fc (talk)
     09:43  Talk:3198: Double-Pronged Extension Cord‎ (diff | hist) . . (+150). . 82.13.184.33 (talk)
     07:49  Talk:1717: Pyramid Honey‎ (diff | hist) . . (+155). . 2604:2d80:ab87:b700::c7 (talk)